<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Microsoft YaHei, Source Han Sans SC, Noto Sans CJK SC, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; line-height: 2em;">背过的单词放在句子里就晕的问题，我看网上有人这样解释：你太依赖单词书背单词，以至于在单词书上背的时候，你看到这个单词前后的词，就会自动想到这个词的意思。但是，一旦放到文章里，这个单词的环境变了，周围换成了乱七八糟的其它词，于是你就无法联想起这个单词的意思了。</p><p style="margin: 1.4em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Microsoft YaHei, Source Han Sans SC, Noto Sans CJK SC, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; line-height: 2em;">我想说的是，就算这种情况对你有影响，也是微乎其微的，这只能算网友的经验之谈，而不是合乎语言学的解释。</p><p style="margin: 1.4em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Microsoft YaHei, Source Han Sans SC, Noto Sans CJK SC, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; line-height: 2em;">如果你不信，老薛就问你一个问题：<span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);">如果放在句子里的词看不懂，你直接查出来如何？是否就能看懂句子了呢？</span><strong style="font-weight: 600;font-synthesis: style;"></strong></p><p style="margin: 1.4em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Microsoft YaHei, Source Han Sans SC, Noto Sans CJK SC, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; line-height: 2em;">还是举个例子吧。2016年英语一阅读理解第一篇第六段最后一句话：But in general it relies on a name-and-shame of compliance. 这里面最难的词可能是compliance（服从，遵从）了吧。但是，请问什么是name-and-shame？name和shame不陌生吧，难道翻译成“姓名和羞耻”？整句：但总体上这依靠一种“姓名和羞耻”式的服从。这是人话吗？！</p><p style="margin: 1.4em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Microsoft YaHei, Source Han Sans SC, Noto Sans CJK SC, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; line-height: 2em;">真正的翻译是：但总体上这依靠的是通过点名批评使之服从的方法。</p><p style="margin: 1.4em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Microsoft YaHei, Source Han Sans SC, Noto Sans CJK SC, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; line-height: 2em;">name-and-shame居然是“点名批评”。name就是点名嘛，点名让你蒙羞不就是点名批评嘛。</p><p style="margin: 1.4em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Microsoft YaHei, Source Han Sans SC, Noto Sans CJK SC, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; line-height: 2em;">从这个例子可以看出，真正的问题是：<span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);">你误以为直接将单词书上的词义代入句子，就可以得出句子的意思。现实是：单词书上给出的词义可能距这个单词在文章中的含义还隔着千山万水。那这“千山万水”究竟是什么？移除这些障碍，你才能真正掌握单词，看懂句子。这就是你要学习的重点。</span><strong style="font-weight: 600;font-synthesis: style;"></strong>总的来说，主要有两重障碍：</p><p style="margin: 1.4em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Microsoft YaHei, Source Han Sans SC, Noto Sans CJK SC, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; line-height: 2em;"><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);">第一、语法。</span><strong style="font-weight: 600;font-synthesis: style;"></strong>英语的结构和汉语很不一样，尤其是遇到长句。如果你不会分析英语语法结构，那就会下意识地利用母语语法将单词生硬地代入句子，那自然就会出现驴头不对马嘴的解释。所以，一定要学会分析句子结构。</p><p style="margin: 1.4em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Microsoft YaHei, Source Han Sans SC, Noto Sans CJK SC, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; line-height: 2em;"><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);">第二、语境。</span><strong style="font-weight: 600;font-synthesis: style;"></strong>按理，只是一味地背单词书上的单词，忽视阅读量的积累，是无法背下单词的，更是无法在句子中恰当地解读词义的，因为同一个词在汉语语境中的用法和在英语语境中的用法可能很不一样。比如上述例子中，name和shame两个词在英语中是可以放在同一语境下使用的，因为词尾押韵；而汉语的“姓名”和“羞耻”是绝不可能放在一个语境下的。这时，你要想明白name-and-shame的含义，不是说你词汇量足就行了，而是要把这个词置于文章的上下文中去理解。这就是老薛一再强调的，读文章和背单词是同等重要的头等大事。</p><p style="margin: 1.4em 0px 0px; 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