<section style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; visibility: visible;">最高人民法院、最高人民检察院联合对外发布《关于办理组织考试作弊</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; visibility: visible;">等刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释》（以下简称《解释》），对在高考、研究生考试以及司法考试等4大类“法律规定的国家考试”中组织作弊的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑并处罚金，严厉惩治考试作弊犯罪。</span></section><p><br/></p><section style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-size: 18px; visibility: visible;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"/></span></section><section style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-size: 18px; visibility: visible;">《解释》明确了下列考试属于“法律规定的国家考试”：（1）普通高等学校招生考试、研究生招生考试、</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 76, 0); visibility: visible;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-size: 18px; visibility: visible;">高等教育自学考试</span></strong></span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-size: 18px; visibility: visible;">、成人高等学校招生考试等国家教育考试；（2）中央和地方公务员录用考试；（3）国家统一法律职业资格考试、国家教师资格考试、注册会计师全国统一考试、会计专业技术资格考试、资产评估师资格考试、医师资格考试、执业药师职业资格考试、注册建筑师考试、建造师执业资格考试等专业技术资格考试；（4）其他依照法律由中央或者地方主管部门以及行业组织的国家考试。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.544px;">在此基础上，《解释》第一条第三款进一步规定前述规定的考试涉及的特殊类型招生、特殊技能测试、面试等考试，属于“法律规定的国家考试”。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-size: 18px;">根据刑法规定，在法律规定的国家考试中，组织作弊或者为他人实施组织作弊犯罪提供作弊器材或其他帮助的，即构成组织考试作弊罪，</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 76, 0); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-size: 18px;">处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役，并处或者单处罚金</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-size: 18px;">；情节严重的，处</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-size: 18px; color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">三年以上七年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-size: 18px;">。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-weight: bolder; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-size: 15px; color: rgb(255, 127, 170);"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 76, 0);"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">附：</strong></span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-size: 20px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">摘要：</strong></span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-size: 18px;">《刑法修正案（九）》增设刑法第二百八十四条之一，规定了组织考试作弊罪、非法出售、提供试题、答案罪和代替考试罪。《关于办理组织考试作弊等刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释》，明确了考试作弊犯罪的相关法律适用。“法律规定的国家考试”的具体范围应当严格限定，组织考试作弊罪需要理解组织作弊的行为表现方式，非法出售、提供试题、答案罪需要注意试题、答案不完整、不标准、不完全一致的处理，代替考试罪应区分情况定罪处罚。该司法解释的施行，不仅对于确保刑法统一正确适用，有效防范、依法严惩考 试作弊犯罪具有重要指导意义，还有助于培育和践行社会主义核心价值观，引领良好社会风尚。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(240, 242, 247); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1.1　<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 0px;">“法律规定的国家考试”包括的具体考试　　</span></strong></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(240, 242, 247); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 0px;">　　“法律规定的国家考试”究竟包括哪些具体考试，这是适用考试作弊犯罪的一个难题。经初步梳理，目前已有20余部法律对“法律规定的国家考试”作出规定，包括高等教育法、公务员法、教师法、执业医师法、会计师法等。这些考试分属不同部门主管，大致可分为教育类考试、录用任用类考试、资格类考试，共计200多种。具体而言，《解释》明确下列考试属于“法律规定的国家考试”：1）普通高等学校招生考试、研究生招生考试、</span><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 0px; color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">高等教育自学考试</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 76, 0);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 0px;">、</span><strong style="margin: 0p