2023年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一测试 英语( 二 ) 试卷 (课程代码00015) 本试卷共 8页。满分l00分，考试时间l50分钟。 考生答题注意事项： 1.本卷所有试题必须在答题卡上作答。答在试卷上无效，试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。 2.第一、二部分在“选择题答题区”作答。必须对应试卷上的题号使用 2B铅笔将“答题卡的相应代码涂黑。 3.第三、七部分在“非选择题答题区”作答。必须注明大、小题号，使用0.5毫米黑色字迹签字笔作答。 4.合理安排答题空间，超出答题区域无效。 选择题区 第一部分:阅读判断(第1-10题，每题1分，共10分) 下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断:如果该句 提供的是正确信息，选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B;如果该句的信息文中 没有提及，选择C。 Booking Online and Saving the Environment When you are looking to book a holiday, it is unlikely that you will think about how green your booking decision is, but it is definitely something that should be taken into consideration. By “green”we are of course talking about the impact on the environment. . When looking to book a holiday, you will probably find that you are faced with two main decisions. The first is to go into a travel agency, pick up a stack of brochures half the size of a person, read through them and go back with just the one and book with the travel agents directly or over the phone. The second is to miss out the shops and brochures altogether and go onto the Internet. The Internet holds many advantages. over the high street travel agents, the main one being convenience. You can go online to look at holidays at any time of the day, whether it is in that 20 minutes before work starts in the morning, half an hour at your desk at lunchtime or even at home on your laptop in front of the television at night. There are no time constraints to going online, while the travel agents are usually massively busy at times when people can actually go, ie lunch hours or at the weekend. You could use the telephone but you wouldn't be able to see the pictures or all the details of the holidays, so you would probably be sent a brochure anyway. There are websites on the Internet that make shopping for holiday deals much easier. These websites are known as price comparison websites. Icelolly, Travel Supermarket and Deal Checker are examples of some of the best-known price comparison sites to look for cheap holiday deals, and they essentially search through lots of different tour operators so that you don't have to. The results are then displayed on one page from which you can book, meaning that you don't even need a lot of time to do this. The contrast with the travel agencies is that you probably have to take two trips, with brochure reading in between, and this is where the green side of things comes in. The piles and piles of brochures are definitely not green, and the amount of unnecessary paper used can’t be good for the environment. In the days of the Internet, smartphone, tablets and computers, there is really no need for such a large amount of paper to be wasted. So not only will it save you time and effort to book online, it will do a little bit towards saving the environment too ! 1. Green booking decisions should definitely be a consideration in booking your holiday. A. True B. False C. Not Given 2. Going onto the Internet is one major choice in booking a holiday. A. True B. False C. Not Given 3. There are no time constraints to doing online booking. A. True B. False C. Not Given 4. Travel agents are massively busy all the time. A. True B. False C. Not Given 5. Price comparison websites make shopping for holiday deals much easier. A. True B. False C. Not Given 6. Travel Supermarket is the best-known price comparison site in the world . A. True B. False C. Not Given 7. You have to spend a lot of time booking a holiday online. A. True B. False C. Not Given 8. You have to read brochures before deciding to book a holiday. A. True B. False C. Not Given 9. Travel agents provide you with a great variety of brochures. A. True B. False C. Not Given 10. Booking online is“green”in that it saves a lot of unnecessary paper. A. True B. False C. Not Given 第二部分:阅读选择(第11-15题，每题2分，共10分) 阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项(A、B、C、 D) 中选出1个最佳选项。 Why Lack of Sleep Could Be Making You Fatter Sleepless nights don't just ruin your mood the next day — they could also damage your waistline. According to new research in the August issue of the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, sleep deprivation can cause people to pack on extra pounds. Researchers at the New York Obesity Nutrition Research Centre at St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital found that sleep-deprived people seem to burn' the same number of calories as the well- rested, but they consume about 300 more calories a day. Given that it takes just 3,500 calories to add a pound to your body, those calories can quickly turn into extra weight. But there are several other reasons that sleep loss could lead to weight gain, says sleep disorder specialist Michael Breus. When we get too little shut-eye, our metabolism（新陈代谢) slows down to conserve energy. That slowdown triggers the release of the hormone cortisol (荷尔蒙皮质醇), which increases appetite. Your body thinks it needs more energy, so it asks for more food. In a vicious cycle, sleep loss also causes our bodies to release more ghrelin, another hormone that signals hunger, and less leptin, the hormone that tells your stomach that it's full With your hormones no longer working in the normal way, your body wants more food and lacks the sensitivity to know when to stop eating. Not to mention that being awake more hours gives you more time to snack. “The later you're up at night, the greater the likelihood that you're going to eat, ” Breus says, and “you're more likely to eat high-fat, high-carb foods.” One other contributing factor to such weight gain is that the body burns the most calories during REM sleep, a deeply restful phase. Less sleep means less time in REM. For optimal health, experts say you should try to get 7.5 hours of sleep a night. If you have trouble sleeping, stick to a nightly routine, exercise during the day, banish worries to a journal, and keep pre-bedtime activities relaxing. 11. This passage is mainly about __________ A. the influence of sleep loss on weight B. the effect of sleep deprivation on mood C. the release of the hormone cortisol D. the implications of a new research finding __________ 12. Sleep-deprived people consume more calories. which will A. make them energetic B. turn into extra pounds C. damage their mood D. cause them to feel sleepy 13. According to Michael Breus, sleep loss can __________ A. decrease people’s appetite B. slow down energy conservation C. trigger the need for more food D. lead to a vicious cycle 14. The word optimal” in paragraph 7 is closest in meaning to __________ A. best B. positive C. optional D. appropriate 15. To attack sleep troubles, you can __________ A. exercise regularly at night B.do more pre-bedtime activities C. keep a journal at night D. follow a set routine every night 非选择题区 第三部分:概括段落大意和补全句子(第16-25题，每题1分，共10分) 阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的2项测试任务:(1)从第16-20题后所给的6个选项中为第1-5段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)从第21-25题后所给的6个选项中选择5个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 Twitter's Most Influential Users = 1 \* GB3 ①Twitter is today's most popular social networking site. What is it that drives people to Twitter, drives the trending topics, and directs the discussions people are having on Twitter? The most influential Twitter users! These are the people that can get Twitter users tweeting and can get a large number of followers. These are the top categories of Twitter's most influential users. = 2 \* GB3 ②Celebrities will always have a large influence on society. The influence they have on twitter is incredible. Twitter is an easy way for fans to connect with their favorite celebrity and many celebrities are taking advantage of Twitter's popularity. Every celebrity tweet starts a firestorm of retweets, replies, and discussions about what a celebrity just tweeted. A good example of this is that the trending topics often revolve around a celebrity or something that a celebrity recently tweeted. Celebrity tweets also become news in the world of celebrity news. Celebrities now use Twitter to communicate with the public instead of issuing statements, and also use their accounts to dispel rumors, make announcements, and promote their movies, albums, or books. Moreover, because there are so many celebrity tabloids(小报), simple tweets about their everyday lives will also become front-page news. = 3 \* GB3 ③News organizations do play a large role in getting news out to people through Twitter and influencing the discussions that take place on Twitter as we're all affected by the news of the day. Retweets by twitter users of important stories are an easy and powerful way to get the word out about a story they think is important. Twitter allows news organizations to let people know about an event very quickly, and when a story is important or gains attention, it will quickly be retweeted by enough people to make it a trending topic or a top tweet. We. will always have the need for news organizations to provide us with information on the world's events. Twitter makes spreading those news stories quickly very easy. = 4 \* GB3 ④ With more politicians creating Twitter accounts, Twitter has become a way for users to spread the word about a politician they support and for politicians to get the word out to more people about upcoming events and their general message. Following and listing politicians gives users a simple way to stay connected with and informed about what those politicians want to communicate. Politicians will always have an influence on our daily lives and they also have quite an influence on Twitter . = 5 \* GB3 ⑤Twitter's popularity blows out of proportion with millions of people joining, including celebrities and businesses. This will, in turn, prompt a good majority of the internet society to join and see what the whole fuss was about by joining, tweeting and using all the Twitter related serv1ces. Taskl 16. Paragraph 1 17. Paragraph 2 l8. Paragraph 3 19.Paragraph 4 20.Paragraph 5 A. News organizations B. The most influential users C. Influences D. Celebrities E. Twitter's popularity F. Politicians Task2 21. The most influential Twitter users can get __________ 22.Celebrities __________ 23. Twitter makes important news stories __________ 24. Politicians' Twitter accounts help them get more people to know about __________ 25. With millions of people joining, Twitter __________ A. their upcoming events and general message B. a large number of followers tweeting C. spread quickly D. influence Twitter incredibly E. is becoming increasingly popular F. great popularity 第四部分:填句补文(第26-30题，每题2分，共10分) 下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 The Rise of the Toilet Texter We know where some of you are reading this. A recently released survey of the mobile phone habits of Americans, going where few other surveys care to go, has found that 75 percent of the ordinary people has used their mobile devices while on the toilet. (26) __________ The survey of 1,000 people by the marketing agency 1lmark found that private contemplation has given way to toilet-time talking, texting, shopping, using apps, or just surfing the Web, by both sexes and most ages. (27) __________ It gets weirder. One-quarter of Americans say they will not go to the bathroom without their devices. While 63 percent have answered calls, 41 percent have called someone else while enthroned. Sixteen percent in the 28-to-35 group, the youngest sample surveyed, have made purchases there. A mere 8 percent of the oldest group has felt such retail urgency. Understandably given their infrequent chances at privacy, people with children are more likely to talk on the phone than are the childless. (28) __________ Hope you are sitting down for this:20 percent of males have at one time joined a conference call from the toilet. Thirteen percent of American women have participated in meetings from the toilet. (29) __________ Be grateful that location-based tracking is not yet so prevalent. Be worried about the rise of video on mobile devices. Ignore all background noises. Really. This is, in a sense, an evidence to our collective passion for communication and contact over all other needs, and a lesson in how quickly ideas of decorum(礼貌得体)adjust to the times. (30) __________If someone is making or taking calls while on the toilet, they are most likely using a BlackBerry. Using an app or playing on Facebook most often is done on an iPhone.In general, Android owners are more likely than owners of other phones to use them on the toilet. A. It is also a decent read on brand-related habits. B. That is every fifth male co-worker, and every eighth female colleague. C. Among those 65 and older, however, only 47 percent have used their mobile devices on the toilet. D. Married people are far more likely than the single to text. E. Single people are far more likely than the mated to text. F. Among those aged 28 to 35, the figure is 91 percent. 第五部分:填词补文(第31-40题，每题1.5分，共15分) 下面的短文有10 处空白，短文后列出12个词，其中10个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 The Price of Progress “ We’ve become the (31) __________ of our own success, ” Dr. Jackson said of the public health mission that cleared cities of congested slums.“By living far from where we work, we reduced crowding and improved the (32) __________ of our air and water, which drove down rates of infectious disease.” But as people have moved farther and farther from where they work, shop and socialize, the rates of chronic diseases have (33) __________ Public transportation has not kept pace with the (34) __________ of suburbs and exurbs（远郊). Nor are there enough sidewalks, nearby parks and safe places to walk, cycle. or play outdoors in many, if not most, towns. Parents spend hours in cars getting to and from work; children are bused or driven to and from school; and those who can't drive must depend on others to take them everywhere or risk becoming (35) __________ isolated. In 1974, 66 percent of all children walked or biked to school. By 2000, that number had (36) __________ to 13 percent. “Children who grow up in suburbia (郊区) can't meet their life needs without getting a ride somewhere, ” Dr. Jackson said. “The average teen in suburbia says it's boring.” His new book, “Designing Healthy Communities, ”a(n)(37) __________ piece to a coming public television series, says: “When there is nearly nothing within walking distance to interest a young person and it is near-lethal to bicycle, he or she must give up autonomy - a(n)(38) __________every creature must develop just as much as strength and endurance.” The book was written with Stacy Sinclair, director of education at the Media Policy Centre in Santa Monica, Calif “We've engineered physical activity out of children's lives, ” Dr. Jackson said in a(n) (39) __________ “Only a quarter of the children in California can pass a basic fitness test, and two in seven volunteers for the military can't get in because they're not in good enough physical condition.” The health consequences, he said, are (40) __________ Not only are Americans of all ages fatter than ever, but also growing numbers of children are developing diseases once seen only in adults: Type 2 diabetes (糖尿病), heart disease and fatty livers(脂肪肝). A. socially B. victims C. approach D. expansion E. terrifying F. quality G. raised H. soared I. capacity J. dropped K. interview L. companion 第六部分:完形补文(第41-50题，每题1.5分，共15分) 下面的短文有10处空白，每处空白后的括号内有一个词，请根据短文内容将其正确的形式填入文中，以恢复文章原貌。 Body Image Nowadays, a large number of people are (0)encouraged (courage) to be dissatisfied with their bodies by plastic surgeons, diet plans, and diet pills all of which foster that (41) __________ (satisfaction) to make a profit. However, in my opinion, to build a positive body image requires a (42) __________ (balance) diet and (43) __________ (health) lifestyle. In daily life, to eat more fruits and vegetable than meat will help us keep fit. The best way to keep ourselves in shape is to do some (44) __________ (vigor) exercise every day. Instead of feeling self-conscious and (45) __________ (shame), or believing your body is a shame of personal (46) __________ (fail) and that you are not as attractive as everyone else, you should have a real and clear (47) __________ (perceive) of your body parts, appreciate your body for the way it is, and feel (48) __________ (comfort) and confident. When we love ourselves rather than covet and pine for (49) __________ (possible) standards, we are happier, healthier and ultimately more (50) __________ (fulfill). 第七部分:短文写作(第51题，30分) 因特网在为人们带来极大便利的同时，也带来了一系列问题。以“Is Internet a Blessing or a Curse?”为题写一篇150词左右的英语短文，谈谈你的看法。