撷墨教育 墨盒自考 全国高等教育自学考试 ★启用前 2023 年 10 月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语（二）试卷 （课程代码 00015） 本试卷共 9 页，满分 100 分，考试时间 150 分钟。 考生答卷前必须将自己的姓名和准考证号写在答题卡上。 必须在答题卡上答题，写在试卷上的答案无效。 第一部分：阅读判断（第 1〜10 题，每题 1 分，共 10 分） 下面的短文后列出了 10 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的 是正确信息，选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择 B；如果该句的信息 文中没有提及， 选择 C,并在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。 When We Are Asleep Everyone dreams, but some people never recall their dreams, or do so very rarely. Other people always wake up with vivid recollections （回忆）of their dreams, though they forget them very quickly. In an average night of eight hours' sleep, an average adult will dream for around one hundred minutes, probably having three to five dreams, each lasting from ten to thirty minutes. Scientists can detect when someone is having a dream by using an instrument which measures the electrical waves in the brain. During dreaming, these waves move more quickly. Breathing and pulse rate also increase, and there are rapid eye movements under the eye lids, just as though the dreamer were really looking at some moving objects. These signs of dreaming have been detected in all mammals studied, including dogs, monkeys, cats, and elephants, and also some birds and reptiles （爬行动物）.This period of sleep is called the "D" state. Babies experience the "D" state for around 50% of their sleep; the period reduces to around 25% by the age of 10. Dreams take the form of stories, but they may be strange and with incidents not closely connected, which make little sense. Dreams are seldom without people in them and they are usually about people we know. One estimate says that two-thirds of the "cast" of our dream dramas are friends and relations. Vision seems an essential part of dreams, except for people blind from birth. Sound and touch are 1 / 9 撷墨教育 墨盒自考 全国高等教育自学考试 senses also often aroused, but smell and taste are not frequently involved. In “normal” dreams, the dreamer may be taking part, or be only an observer. But he or she cannot control what happens in the dream. However, the dreamer does have control over one type of dream. This type of dream is called a “lucid”（清醒的）dream. Not everyone is a lucid dreamer. Some people are occasional lucid dreamers. Others can dream lucidly more or less all the time. In a lucid dream, the dreamer knows that he is dreaming. 1. Some people dream but cannot remember their dreams. A. True B. False C. Not Given 2. In an average night of eight hours, sleep, males dream longer than females. A. True B. False C. Not Given 3. When we dream, there is less movement of electrical waves in our brains. A. True B. False C. Not Given 4. Without the help of instruments, scientists cannot tell whether someone is dreaming or not. A. True B. False C. Not Given 5. Only mammals have dreams when they are asleep. A. True B. False C. Not Given 6. Babies dream less than older children. A. True B. False C. Not Given 7. Most dreams involve the people we played with when we were young. A. True B. False C. Not Given 8. Now we can detect what dreamers dream about by using modem equipment. A. True B. False C. Not Given 9. We do not often have the sense of taste in dreams. A. True B. False C. Not Given 10. Some people can be conscious that they are dreaming in their dreams. A. True B. False C. Not Given 第二部分：阅读选择（第 11〜15 题，每题 2 分，共 10 分） 2 / 9 撷墨教育 墨盒自考 全国高等教育自学考试 阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的 4 个选项（A、B、C、D）中选出 1 个最佳选项，并 在答题卡相应位置上将该项涂黑。 Tap Dancing （踢踏舞） Most of the arts in America are a combination of ideas and influences from many sources. Tap dancing certainly fits in this category. It is truly an American art, but it has been influenced by English and Irish dance steps as well as steps from Africa. Some historians argue that tap dancing was first done by slaves on Southern plantations in North America, and that originally steps were done wearing soft-soled shoes. Irish step dancing, which also involves intricate（复杂的）foot patterns, contributed the movement of the free leg to one side and the swing of the elbows outward. Wooden clog shoes were worn as tap dancing evolved, but for a long time the steps were done flat-footed. Tap dancing developed into the form we recognize today in the early 20th century. Metal taps were added to dance shoes, and a number of new techniques were perfected. One of the most important was the change from the flat-footed step to dancing on the balls of the feet. This is commonly attributed to dancer Bill Robinson. Another was the “cramp roll,“ in which the dancer would rapidly move from the ball of the right foot to the ball of the left, and then to the heel of each foot. This separation of the steps into distinct areas of the foot, an innovation by dancer John Bubbles, allowed dancers to improvise even more new patterns. Slides across the floor and movements up and down stairs further enlivened tap. So did relaxed arm and shoulder movements. Challenges became a common part of dance routines, with dancers competing very hard to outperform（胜过）each other with new and difficult steps. Many dancers excelled at tap and contributed to its development. Besides Bill Robinson and John Bubbles, well-known tappers have included Sammy Davis, Jr., Fred Astaire, Eleanor Powell, Gregory Hines, and Savion Glover. 11. This text is mainly about _______ . A. famous tap dancers B. tap dancing on Southern plantations C. tap shoes D. the development of tap dancing 12. The phrase “attributed to”（Line 4, Para. 3）means_______. 3 / 9 撷墨教育 墨盒自考 全国高等教育自学考试 A. credited to B. described C. turned to D. stated as a question 13. The “cramp roll”（Line 5, Para. 3）was invented by______ . A. Fred Astaire B. Bill Robinson C. Savion Glover D. John Bubbles 14. One of the most important elements of tap dancing is______ . A. intricate footwork B. smooth, flowing motions C. dancing in rhythm with a partner D. wearing wooden shoes 15. Names are mentioned in this text in order to______ . A. tell about the lives of famous tap dancers B. connect tap with jazz music C. show the influence of women on tap dance D. give credit to famous tap dancers 第三部分：概括段落大意和补全句子（第 16〜25 题，每题 1 分，共 10 分） 阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的 2 项测试任务：（1）从第 16〜20 题后所给的 6 个 选项中 为第①〜⑤段每段选择 1 个正确的小标题； （2）从第 21〜25 题后所给的 6 个选项 中选择 5 个 正确选项，分别完成每个句子，并在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。 The Weight Experiment Nicola Walters has been taking part in experiments in Scotland to discover why humans gain and lose weight. Being locked in a small room called a 'calorimeter'（热量测量室）is one way to find out. ❶ The signs above the two rooms read simply 'Chamber One' and 'Chamber Two'. These are the calorimeters: 4m by 2m white-walled rooms where human volunteers are locked up in the name of science. Outside these rooms another sign reads "Please do not enter - work in progress, and in front of the rooms advanced machinery registers every move the volunteers make. Each day, meals measured to the last gram are passed through a hole in the wall of the calorimeter to the resident volunteer. 4 / 9 撷墨教育 墨盒自考 全国高等教育自学考试 ❷ Nicola Walters is one of twenty volunteers who, over the past eight months, have spent varying periods inside the calorimeter. Tall and slim, Nicola does not have a weight problem, but thought the strict diet might help with her training and fitness programme. A self-employed community dance worker, she was able to fit the experiment in around her work. She saw an advertisement fbr volunteers at her local gym and as she is interested in the whole area of diet and exercise, she thought she would help out. ❸ The experiment on Nicola involved her spending one day on a fixed diet at home and the next in the room. This sequence was repeated four times over six weeks. She arrived at the calorimeter at 8:30 am on each of the four mornings and from then on everything she ate or drank was carefully measured. Her every move was noted too, her daily exercise routine timed to the last second. At regular intervals, after eating, she filled in forms about how hungry she felt and samples were taken for analysis. ❹ The scientists help volunteers impose a kind of order on the long days they face in the room. 'The first time, I only took one video and a book, but it was OK because I watched TV the rest of the time, says Nicola. And twice a day she used the exercise bike. She pedaled （踩踏板）for half an hour, watched by researchers to make sure she didn't go too fast. ❺ It seems that some foods encourage you to eat more, while others satisfy you quickly. Volunteers are already showing that high-fat diets are less likely to make you feel lull. Believing that they may now know what encourages people to overeat, the researchers are about to start testing a high-protein weight-loss diet. Volunteers are required and Nicola has signed up for further sessions. Task 1 A. What does the calorimeter look like inside? 16.Paragraph①： B. What programme was designed for the experiment? 17.Paragraph②： C. What is a calorimeter? 18.Paragraph③： D. What kind of foods are to people's taste? E. How do the volunteers kill the time? 19.Paragraph④： F. Why did Nicola join in the experiments? 20.Paragraph⑤： 5 / 9 撷墨教育 墨盒自考 全国高等教育自学考试 Task 2 21. The machinery outside the calorimeters records everything ______ . 22. Nicola Walters had time for the experiments______ . 23. Volunteers have to get prepared for the time in the calorimeter______ . 24. The experiments show that high-fat diets______ . 25. Researchers watched Nicola pedaling______ . A. the volunteers do. B. because she does not have a weight problem. C. because the life there can be very boring. D. make people overeat. E. because she was her own boss. F. so as to control the speed. 第四部分：填句补文（第 26〜30 题，每题 2 分，共 10 分） 下面的短文有 5 处空白，短文后有 6 个句子，其中 5 个取自短文，请根据短文内容 将其 分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌，并在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。 Teaching Children to Spend Pocket Money Wisely School-going children need pocket money for food, stationery and bus fares. Parents give pocket money to their children in different ways. Some give a lump sum at the beginning of a month or a week. Others prefer to give pocket money on a daily basis. 26 On the other hand, the children's spending habits may affect how pocket money is given. Pocket money given on a daily basis is sometimes termed as “food money”. Children usually use the pocket money to buy food during recess and also at lunch hour if they have school activities in the afternoon. They learn how to manage small sums of money. 27 Some parents choose this method of allocating pocket money in order to prevent their children from overspending, hoping that in time they can be trusted with larger sums of money. Giving pocket money on a daily basis places responsibilities of budgeting on the parents, instead 6 / 9 撷墨教育 墨盒自考 全国高等教育自学考试 of the child. The child may spend every single cent of the daily pocket money by overindulging in junk food as they know they will get another sum of money the next day. This results in children being shortsighted in their spending. The thought of saving money never crossed their minds. 28 Others spend more than they are given. They borrow from their siblings or their classmates when they feel like indulging themselves. Then they may ask for money to pay off their debts. This habit of borrowing causes them to depend on others to solve their problems. In such instances, the purpose of rationing is defeated. Children need to learn how to budget their money. The key to doing this is to differentiate between needs and wants. 29 This habit, when inculcated since young, stands them in good stead when they start working and earning their own money. It enables them to resist the temptation of “buy now and pay later” schemes. Formation of any habit starts at a tender age. There is no better way to teach children to manage money than to start with their pocket money. They need to learn the importance of budgeting right from kindergarten days. 30 When children learn to spend within their means, they are able to manage their finances well later in their lives. A. It is a good idea to start with daily pocket money and move on to monthly pocket money. B. The way in which pocket money is given affects how money is spent or saved. C. Buy the necessary first, and indulge ourselves only if there is money left. D. As the money is limited, they have to control their spending. E. Parents who earn daily wages may also opt for this due to financial constraints. F. They may develop the mentality that money is meant to be spent. 第五部分：填词补文（第 31〜40 题，每题 1.5 分，共 15 分） 下面的短文有 10 处空白，短文后列出 12 个词，其中 10 个取自短文，请根据短文内容将 其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌，并在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。 Teach Your Kids at Home As most kids went back to school at the beginning of the semester in the fall, a small but growing army of parents just said no to school. Some people like Jean Forbes thought their children needed 7 / 9 撷墨教育 墨盒自考 全国高等教育自学考试 31 attention. Forbes is a former actress whose current career is teaching her two sons. Her son Allen is dyslexic （有诵读困难的）.She 32 him out of public school six years ago because she felt teachers weren't helping him enough. Other parents want to give their kids the chance to follow their 33 rather than a textbook. Outside Los Angeles, Nancy Kinsey's kids are studying bats right now. They study everything from their diet to their wing span to the specifics of their natural habitat. They have even built a bat house in the backyard, and this task 34 many hours of practical math problems. There are also parents who choose home schooling to solve what they think is a short-term problem and find a long-term challenge. Eric and Joyce Burgess 35 home schooling nearly a decade ago after their son Eric Jr. had a disastrous year at a famous high school. It was a(n) 36 at first; neither is a professional teacher. But as Eric Jr's confidence 37 at home, so did Joyce's, and she now teaches her other kids at home as well. While there are no national statistics, researchers who study home schooling estimate that 1.5 million youngsters are currently being taught 38 by their mothers and fathers. That's five times the number of homeschoolers just a decade ago and bigger than the nation's largest public-school system of New York City. The 39 is especially remarkable in an era of two-income families, since it requires one parent to stay home at some financial sacrifice. Despite all the advantages of home schooling, it is not a(n) 40 job. Home schooling is not something you should rush into; it is a commitment that has to be followed through. A. required E. increase I. decision B. rose F. began J. easy C. pulled G. interests K. struggle D. extra H. primarily L. currently 第六部分：完形补文(第 41〜50 题，每题 1.5 分，共 15 分) 下面的短文有 10 处空白，每处空白后的括号内有一个词，请根据短文内容将其正 确的形式 填入文中，以恢复文章原貌，并将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。 8 / 9 撷墨教育 墨盒自考 全国高等教育自学考试 The Environment: Our Responsibility These days it is impossible (possible) to open a newspaper without reading about the damage we are doing to the environment. The earth is being 41 (threaten) and the future looks bad. What can each of us do? We cannot clean up our 42 (pollute) rivers and seas overnight. Nor can we stop the 43 (appearance) of plants and animals. But we can stop adding to the problem while 44 (science) search for answers, and laws arc passed in nature's 45 (defend). It may not be easy to change your lifestyle 46 (complete) but some steps are easy to take: cut down the amount of 47 (drive) you do, or use as little plastic as possible. It is also easy to save energy, which also reduces housing 48 (bill). We must all make a personal 49 (decide) to work for the future of our planet if we want to 50 (sure) a better world for our grandchildren. 第七部分：短文写作(第 51 题，30 分) 下面是一篇某杂志编辑部的读者征稿启事，请根据其要求撰写一篇 150 词左右的英 语短文。 将短文写在答题卡相应的位置上。 Technology in the Home Technology is everywhere today, especially in the home. We'd like you, the readers, to write a short article telling us two things you would find most difficult to live without. Don't forget to say why. The three best articles will be published in our magazine. 9 / 9