撷墨教育 墨盒自考 7 天 70 分刷题 第二部分——阅读选择 一、解题技巧 1、熟记教材文章练习题的正确答案，重点掌握文章，考试时先找教材上的文章，做出来。 2、其他文章，先作考试题目中有人名、地名、国家名、数字、年代等专有名词的题。 3、勾画出考试题目中的关键词，然后到文章中找一样的关键词定位。 4、定位关键词后，对比文章中关键词附近的词或词组，与答案选项中词或者词组重合的最多的即为正确答 案。（就像玩拼图游戏，考察你的眼力！ˇˍˇ） .5、如果你无法定位关键词，则： 1、如有选项为“以上 X 项皆是”，即为正确答案， .2、看四个答案选项中有无大部分相似的。如有，若意思完全相反的其中一个必是答案；若意思并非相反的 则较长选项为答案，如没有大部分相似的，则最长的选项为答案。 6、如果考试题目是问文章主旨（如作者的观点，替换文章标题等）的，则需要细读文章题目，每段第一句 和文章最后一句，并大致搞清意思。然后选择意思最接近的一项答案。 7、一般考试题目的顺序与文章段落的顺序大体一致，定位关键词不是难事，这就像让我在人群中找出一个 陌生人很难，但是让我拿着他的照片去找就容易多了。 8、正确答案必定与问题有关，答案中的词或者词组必定出现在文中关键词的附近！ 不需要阅读试题全文，只需要细读文章题目、每段第一句和文章最后一句，文章主旨就在其中！ 阅读理解题主要是考查我们：掌握短文主旨和大意的能力;掌握了解说明短文主旨和大意的事实和细节的能 力;具有一定的判断和推理能力;具有一定的归纳和总结能力;具有较严密的逻辑推理能力，能通过理解上下 文的逻辑关系，做出正确的推论，并把握文章的旨意等等。在试题中，这些能力又可分为以下一些阅读技能： 了解短文表达的一些概念或细节;理解作者的写作意图、观点和态度;了解短文表达的中心思想、旨意或大意; 理解短文隐含要表达的概念和意图;句子层次和篇章层次上的理解;猜测词或短语的意思;掌握一些敏感的信 息等等。据统计，历次考题中，都出现了以上所述的各项阅读技能，并且，“了解短文表达的一些概念或细 节;理解作者的写作意图、观点和态度;了解短文表达的中心思想、旨意或大意”这三项就占了总题量的三分 之二之多。所以，要做好阅读理解题，最关键的是提高阅读技能和掌握做题技巧。这要求我们在阅读时，不 仅要注意对单个句子的理解，而且更要注意语篇上的理解，只有掌握了阅读的技艺，才能提高获取有用信息 的能力，才能处理好阅读材料。 1、做题总思路： 要做好阅读理解题，最关键的是提高阅读技能和掌握做题技巧。这样，我们就要根据考试阅读理解的特 点，把握考点、熟悉考题题型、掌握阅读技能和做题步骤与技巧，从而提高应试的综合考试技巧和能力。 2、做题步骤及技巧： 这类题的做题步骤分四步走： 1 / 46 助你成功 撷墨教育 墨盒自考 7 天 70 分刷题 首先是通读一遍考题及其选项，分析考题的题型以及其出题意图(主要是关键词)是考(问)什么内容的，划出 各选项的关键词及写出其大意; 其次是快速浏览一遍原文，了解短文的大意或中心思想，划出各考点; 再次是根据考题的题型和关键词以及其选项的关键词，确定考题的出处：在哪一段落，并划出该段落的考 点，找出该段落的中心句或中心词;最后是对照考题意图、选项和考点以及该段落的中心句或中心词所涵含 的细节内容和意思，运用做题技巧，对选项做出正确选择。这几步的关键是确定考题的出处在哪一段落。 (1)：通读考题及其选项。分析考题的题型以及其出题意图(主要是关键词)是考(问)什么内容的，划出 各选项的关键词及写出其大意。这首先要求我们要熟悉考试的题型，根据考试要求和特点，考试阅读理解的 题型大部分较为稳定，所以，我们弄清楚了常见的考题题型，掌握了这些题型的出题方法和做题技巧，就基 本上掌握了其出题的意图，从而为找出正确答案就容易多了。 二、课内例题解析 第二部分：阅读选择（第 1～5 题，每题 2 分，共 10 分） 阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的 4 个选项(A.B.C.D)中选出 1 个最佳选项，并在答题卡 相应位置上将该项涂黑。 Passage 1 （选自大纲样题） Tap Dancing（踢踏舞） ① Most of the arts in America are a combination of ideas and influences from many sources. Tap dancing certainly fits in this category. It is truly an American art, but it has been influenced by English and Irish dance steps as well as steps from Africa. ② Some historians argue that tap dancing was first done by slaves on Southern plantations in North America, and that originally steps were done wearing soft- soled shoes. Irish step dancing, which also involves intricate（复杂的）foot patterns, contributed the movement of the free leg to one side and the swing of the elbows outward. Wooden clog shoes were worn as tap dancing evolved, but for a long time the steps were done flat-footed. ③ Tap dancing developed into the form we recognize today in the early 20th century. Metal taps were added to dance shoes, and a number of new techniques were perfected. One of the most important was the change from the flat-footed step to dancing on 2 / 46 助你成功 撷墨教育 墨盒自考 7 天 70 分刷题 the balls of the feet. This is commonly attributed to dancer Bill Robinson. Another was the “cramp roll,” in which the dancer would rapidly move from the ball of the right foot to the ball of the left, and then to the heel of each foot. This separation of the steps into distinct areas of the foot, an innovation by dancer John Bubbles, allowed dancers to improvise even more new patterns. Slides across the floor and movements up and down stairs further enlivened tap. So did relaxed arm and shoulder movements. Challenges became a common part of dance routines, with dancers competing very hard to outperform（胜过）each other with new and difficult steps. ④ Many dancers excelled at tap and contributed to its development. Besides Bill Robinson and John Bubbles, well-known tappers have included Sammy Davis, Jr., Fred Astaire, Eleanor Powell, Gregory Hines, and Savion Glover. 1. This text is mainly about _______. A. famous tap dancers B. tap dancing on Southern plantations C. tap shoes D. the development of tap dancing 【答案】D 【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文主要讲了踢踏舞的发展过程。 2. The phrase “attributed to” (Line 4, Para. 3) means _______. A. credited to B. described C. turned to D. stated as a question 【答案】A 【解析】词义理解题。可以用代入法。credit… to…=attribute… to…=owe…to… 3. The “cramp roll” (Line 4, Para. 3) was invented by _______. A. Fred Astaire B. Bill Robinson C. Savion Glover D. John Bubbles 【答案】D 【解析】事实细节题。根据第三段的中间部分 Another was the “cramp roll,” in which the dancer would rapidly move from the ball of the right foot（右脚的大脚趾球）to the ball of the left, and then to the heel of each foot. This separation of the 3 / 46 助你成功 撷墨教育 墨盒自考 7 天 70 分刷题 steps into distinct areas of the foot, an innovation by dancer John Bubbles, allowed dancers to improvise even more new patterns. 4. One of the most important elements of tap dancing is _______. A. intricate footwork B. smooth, flowing motions C. dancing in rhythm with a partner D. wearing wooden shoes 【答案】A 【解析】事实细节题。根据 one of the most important…定位在第三段第三句：One of the most important was the change from the flat-footed step to dancing on the balls of the feet. 5. Names are mentioned in this text in order to _______. A. tell about the lives of famous tap dancers B. connect tap with jazz music C. show the influence of women on tap dance D. give credit to famous tap dancers 【答案】D 【解析】推理判断题。该题要求考生根据最后一段，推测作者的写作意图。最后一段 Many dancers excelled at tap and contributed to its development. Besides Bill Robinson and John Bubbles, well-known tappers have included Sammy Davis Jr., Fred Astaire, Eleanor Powell, Gregory Hines, and Savion Glover.。 1. This text is mainly about _______. A. famous tap dancers B. tap dancing on Southern plantations C. tap shoes D. the development of tap dancing 【答案】D 【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文主要讲了踢踏舞的发展过程。（参考第二三段的黑体 词） Passage 2 （选自 Self-Assessment 2） 4 / 46 助你成功 撷墨教育 墨盒自考 7 天 70 分刷题 Student Loans ① Federal Student Aid is an office of the US Department of Education that provides student loans for education beyond high school. The US government clearly understands the importance of post-secondary education in positively impacting the nation. It therefore ensures that each eligible student in the United States is able to receive financial assistance for higher education. ② Although parents can opt for private funding through sources like banks and other finance institutions, the rates of interest can be prohibitively high in most cases. On the other hand, the interest rates of federally funded student loans are much less in comparison. It is therefore imperative that parents take all steps necessary to apply for student loans available through the federal government. ③ Federal Student Aid is actively involved in educating students and their families on the exact procedure to obtain student loans. Once the applications are received, it processes them by the millions before the start of each academic year. It also pays out billions of dollars through schools to fund the education of students who have applied for financial aid. ④ The first step in applying for financial aid is to fill and submit the FAFSA or Free Application for Federal Student Aid. The name of the student should be entered exactly the way it is written on the student’s social security card. The format used is “first name”, “middle initial”, and “last name”. Since the analysis bureau will be linking up the FAFSA with the social security number, the names should match precisely for the application to be approved. A mismatch in the names could result in the application being sent back for correction. This would cause a delay and end up pushing the applicant to the back of the line. Since most financial aid is provided on a first-come-first-served basis, it is important to be at the head of the line. Even a minor error on the FAFSA can result in a loss of thousands of dollars in financial aid. ⑤ Therefore, it is important that families have all the proper income and tax records ready before applying for financial aid. This will help avoid submitting 5 / 46 助你成功 撷墨教育 墨盒自考 7 天 70 分刷题 inconsistent, incomplete or mistaken information while filling out the FAFSA forms. ⑥ The CSS PROFILE is the FAFSA equivalent that is most often required for aid through private universities. It could be a little more complicated than filling out the FAFSA form. Going through the entire process with the help of a certified college planner would be a good idea. ⑦ No matter what their credit rating, parents should still submit their applications for financial aid. Learning about the different options available to them is the first step in the process. Doing it right will enhance their chances of getting student loans for their children’s higher education. 1. Federal Student Aid provides student loans for _______. A. high school education B. secondary education C. higher education D. pre-secondary education 【答案】 C 【解析】事实细节题。根据 Federal Student Aid provides student loans 定位在第一段第 一句 Federal Student Aid is an office of the US Department of Education that provides student loans for education beyond high school. 2. Federally funded loans are preferred to private funding for_______. A. their easy accessibility B. their high reliability C. their lower interest rates D. their wide availability 【答案】C 【解析】事实细节题。根据 federally funded loans 和 private funding 定位在第二段。根 据前两句 Although parents can opt for private funding through sources like banks and other finance institutions, the rates of interest can be prohibitively high in most cases. On the other hand, the interest rates of federally funded student loans are much less in comparison.。 6 / 46 助你成功 撷墨教育 墨盒自考 7 天 70 分刷题 3. Federal Student Aid educates students on _______. A. how to apply to ideal universities B. how to obtain student loans C. how to process the applications D. how to meet their financial needs 【答案】B 【解析】事实细节题。根据 federal Student Aid 定位在第二段。由第一句话 Federal Student Aid is actively involved in educating students and their families on the exact procedure to obtain student loans.可知答案为 B。 4. The first step in applying for financial aid is to _______. A. fill out and submit application forms B. apply for a social security number C. enter the applicant name in the right format D. submit all the proper income and tax records 【答案】A 【解析】事实细节题。根据 first step 定位在第四段第一句：The first step in applying for financial aid is to fill and submit the FAFSA or Free Application for Federal Student Aid.，由此可知答案为 A。 5. To succeed in applying for student loans, you are advised to _______. A. enhance academic performance B. resort to a certified college planner C. avoid submitting a CSS PROFILE 资料 D. turn in income and tax records afterwards 【答案】B 【解析】推理判断题。根据同一顺序的原则定位在第五段及之后的内容，具体参考第六段最后 一句：Going through the entire process with the help of a certified college planner would be a good idea。由此可以看出，有资格证书的学院规划师可以提供全程帮助，故选 B。 另外根据第五段第一句 Therefore, it is important that families have all the proper income and tax records ready before applying for financial aid. 可知 D 选项的错误 7 / 46 助你成功 撷墨教育 墨盒自考 7 天 70 分刷题 在于 afterwards 一词，应改成 in advance。 Passage 3 （选自 Self-Assessment 3） Why Lack of Sleep Could Be Making You Fatter ① Sleepless nights don’t just ruin your mood the next day – they could also damage your waistline 胸围. According to new research in the August issue of the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 临床营养, sleep deprivation can cause people to pack on extra pounds. ② Researchers at the New York Obesity Nutrition Research Centre at St. Luke’s- Roosevelt Hospital found that sleep-deprived people seem to burn the same number of calories as the well-rested, but they consume about 300 more calories a day. Given that it takes just 3,500 calories to add a pound to your body, those calories can quickly turn into extra weight. ③ But there are several other reasons that sleep loss could lead to weight gain, says sleep disorder specialist Michael Breus. When we get too little shut-eye, our metabolism（新陈代谢）slows down to conserve energy. That slowdown triggers the release of the hormone cortisol（荷尔蒙皮质醇）, which increases appetite. Your body thinks it needs more energy, so it asks for more food． ④ In a vicious cycle, sleep loss also causes our bodies to release more ghrelin, another hormone that signals hunger, and less leptin 瘦素，瘦蛋白, the hormone that tells your stomach that it’s full. With your hormones no longer working in the normal way, your body wants more food and lacks the sensitivity to know when to stop eating. Not to mention that being awake more hours gives you more time to snack. ⑤ “The later you’re up at night, the greater the likelihood that you’re going to eat,” Breus says, and “you’re more likely to eat high-fat, high-carb 碳水化 合物 foods.” ⑥ One other contributing factor to such weight gain is that the body burns the most calories during REM sleep, a deeply restful phase. Less sleep means less time 8 / 46 助你成功 撷墨教育 墨盒自考 7 天 70 分刷题 in REM. ⑦ For optimal health, experts say you should try to get 7.5 hours of sleep a night. If you have trouble sleeping, stick to a nightly routine, exercise during the day, banish worries to a journal, and keep pre-bedtime activities relaxing. 1. This passage is mainly about _______. A. the influence of sleep loss on weight B. the effect of sleep deprivation on mood C. the release of the hormone cortisol D. the implications of a new research finding 【答案】A 【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章标题“为何缺少睡眠会使人变胖”就可以看出，sleep 和 weight 是文章的关键词。 2. Sleep-deprived people consume more calories, which will _______. A. make them energetic B. turn into extra pounds C. damage their mood D. Cause them to feel sleepy 【答案】B 【解析】事实细节题。根据 sleep-deprived people 定位在第二段：Researchers at the New York Obesity Nutrition Research Centre at St. Luke’s-Roosevelt Hospital found that sleep-deprived people seem to burn the same number of calories as the well-rested, but they consume about 300 more calories a day. Given that it takes just 3,500 calories to add a pound to your body, those calories can quickly turn into extra weight.，即每天多消耗的 300 卡的热量会转变为额外的体重，可知答案为 B。 3. According to Michael Breus, sleep loss can _______. A. decrease people’s appetite B. slow down energy conservation C. trigger the need for more food D. lead to a vicious cycle 9 / 46 助你成功 撷墨教育 墨盒自考 7 天 70 分刷题 【答案】C 【解析】事实细节题。根据 Michael Breus 定位在第三段：But there are several other reasons that sleep loss could lead to weight gain, says sleep disorder specialist Michael Breus. When we get too little shut-eye, our metabolism（新陈代谢）slows down to conserve energy. That slowdown triggers the release of the hormone cortisol （荷尔蒙皮质醇）, which increases appetite. Your body thinks it needs more energy, so it asks for more food．即当我们的眼睛休息不够的时候，为了保持能量新陈代谢会变 慢。这种减速会引发荷尔蒙皮质醇的释放，从而增加食欲，由此可知答案为 C。 4. The word “optimal” in paragraph 7 is closest in meaning to _______. A. best B. positive C. optional D. appropriate 【答案】A 【解析】词义理解题。根据题干定位在第七段。本段主要讲了人要尽量保持 7.5 个小时的睡眠 时间，并为失眠者提供了一些有助睡眠的方法。四个选项意思分别是最佳的、积极的、选择的、 合适的，显然 A 最恰当。 5. To attack sleep troubles, you can _______. A. exercise regularly at night B. do more pre-bedtime activities C. keep a journal at night D. follow a set routine every night 【答案】D 【解析】事实细节题。根据 sleep troubles 定位在文章的最后一句：If you have trouble sleeping, stick to a nightly routine, exercise during the day, banish worries to a journal, and keep pre-bedtime activities relaxing. 6. This passage is mainly about _______. A. the influence of sleep loss on weight B. the effect of sleep deprivation on mood 10 / 46 助你成功 撷墨教育 墨盒自考 7 天 70 分刷题 C. the release of the hormone cortisol D. the implications of a new research finding 【答案】A 【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章标题“为何缺少睡眠会使人变胖”就可以看出，sleep 和 weight 是文章的关键词。 三、练习题 第一题 第二部分：阅读选择（第 1～5 题，每题 2 分，共 10 分） 阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的 4 个选项(A.B.C.D)中选出 1 个最佳选项，并在答题卡 相应位置上将该项涂黑。 1.The easy way out isn’t always easiest. I learned that lesson when I decided to treat Doug, my husband of one month, to a special meal. I glanced through my cook book and chose a menu which included homemade bread. Knowing the bread would take time. I started on it as soon as Doug left for work. As I was not experienced in cooking, I thought if a dozen was good, two dozen would be better, so I doubled everything. As Doug loved oranges, I also opened a can of orange and poured it all into the bowl. Soon there was a sticky dough covered with ugly yellowish marks. Realizing I had been defeated, I put the dough in the rubbish bin outside so I wouldn’t have to face Doug laughing at my work. I went on preparing the rest of the meal, and, when Doug got home, we sat down to Cornish chicken with rice. He tried to enjoy the meal but seemed disturbed. Twice he got up and went outside, saying he thought he heard a noise. The third time he left, I went to the windows to see what he was doing. Looking out, I saw Doug standing about three feet from the rubbish bin, holding the lid up with a stick and looking into the container. When I came out of the house, he dropped the stick and explained that there was something alive in out rubbish bin. Picking up the stick again, he held the lid up enough for me to see. I felt cold. But I stepped closer and looked harder. Without doubt it was my work. The hot sun had caused the dough to double in size and the 11 / 46 助你成功 撷墨教育 墨盒自考 7 天 70 分刷题 fermenting yeast made the surface shake and sigh as though it were breathing. I had to admit what the living thing was and why it was there. I don't know who was more embarrassed by the whole thing—Doug or me. 1.The writer’s purpose in writing this story is ________. A.to tell an interesting experience B.to show the easiest way out of a difficulty C.to describe the trouble facing a newly married woman D.to explain the difficulty of learning to cook from books 2.Why did the woman’s attempt at making the bread turn out to be unsuccessful? A.The canned orange had gone bad. B.She didn’t use the right kind of flour. C.The cookbook was hard to understand. D.She did not follow the directions closely. 3.Why did the woman put the dough in the rubbish bin? A.She didn’t see the use of keeping it. B.She meant to joke with her husband. C.She didn’t want her husband to see it. D.She hoped it would soon dry in the sun. 4.What made the dough in the bin looks frighting? A.The rising and falling movement. B.The strange-looking marks. C.Its shape. D.Its size. 5.When Doug went out the third time, the woman looked out of the window because she was ________. 12 / 46 助你成功 撷墨教育 墨盒自考 7 天 70 分刷题 A.surprised at his being interested in the bin B.afraid that he would discover her secret C.unhappy that he didn’t enjoy the meal D.curious to know what disturbed him 第二题 第二部分：阅读选择（第 1～5 题，每题 2 分，共 10 分） 阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的 4 个选项(A.B.C.D)中选出 1 个最佳选项，并在答题卡 相应位置上将该项涂黑。 Good Communication for Making Friends As a communication skills trainer, I've met a wide range of people. Some people have trouble associating with others and have difficulty making friends. So I would like to discuss two key points to making good friends. The first is to show respect and love for your friends through your words. Try to say things to others that would feel good to you if you heard them. For example, say things like, "Thanks for the great time" and "It was really nice to get to know you."If you are not good at speaking, then smiling and using body language to express your sincerity is also an effective way to communicate. Additionally, I recommend that when you meet someone new send them an e-mail or letter before the day is over to express how nice it was to meet them. The goal of good communication is to reach another person's heart and form a comfortable relationship. It is, therefore, based the premise that you get rid of your worries and become a bright and positive person. When there is static noise over the phone line, you can't hear the other person clearly, right? In the same way, when your mind is full of worries and you try to communicate with another person, you cannot give or receive messages accurately. For example, let's say you are still tied to a past wound of being betrayed by a friend and feeling hurts .Even if you meet someone new and he or she tells you, "Let's be good friends," you may 13 / 46 助你成功 撷墨教育 墨盒自考 7 天 70 分刷题 not be able to accept it because you will hear a negative inner voice saying something like "I might be betrayed again" or "the person might have a hidden agenda."With this worry in your mind, you will not be able to make friends. If you can be refreshed and get rid of your worries, you should be able to sense others' thoughts and feelings without prejudice and build a relationship of trust. If you really can't let go of your painful past experience, then try to change your perspective on the experience. For example, try to think that it was a necessary lesson for you to understand others' pain. If you can think of the positive intention behind the event, then you will be able to view the experience favourably and feel better. 1.The main topic of the passage is________. A.how to communicate with others B.how to refresh yourself C.how to forget the past unhappiness D.how to show respect and love for your friends 2.The effective way to communicate includes________. A.showing respect and love for friends with words B.smiling and using body language C.sending an e-mail or letter D.All of the above 3.The effective way to communicate includes________. A.showing respect and love for friends with words B.smiling and using body language C.sending an e-mail or letter D.All of the above 14 / 46 助你成功 撷墨教育 墨盒自考 7 天 70 分刷题 4.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage? A.Body language is as effective as saying things that will make friends feel better. B.If you distrust others, then it's difficult for you to make new friends. C.The writer conducted a research on how people communicate with their friends. D.Minds full of worries will do great harm to interpersonal relationship 5.The example in paragraph 2 is intended to show that________. A.the goal of good communication is to reach another person's heart B.the goal of good communication is to form a comfortable relationship C.good communication is based on the premise that you get rid of your worries and become a bright and positive person D.it does take time for someone to forget all about the painful past 6.In the sentence "the person might have a hidden agenda" (para.2) ,the word "agenda" means________. A.relationship B.plan C.worry D.past 第三题 第二部分：阅读选择（第 1～5 题，每题 2 分，共 10 分） 阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的 4 个选项(A.B.C.D)中选出 1 个最佳选项，并在答题卡 相应位置上将该项涂黑。 The Sandwich American lunch hour is usually from noon until one o'clock or from one until two. People at work or school rarely go home for lunch. Instead, many bring lunch with them from home. For this purpose they need a meal that is small, portable, and 15 / 46 助你成功 撷墨教育 墨盒自考 7 天 70 分刷题 does not require constant refrigeration. The sandwich meets all these three requirements. When it comes to talking about the sandwich, Americans can offer you a long list of its names: a submarine sandwich, a hero, a hoagie, a grinder, a pool boy, a torpedo, a club sandwich and an open sandwich. Whatever you call it, this concoction (混合) of cold cuts in a roll is as American as the hot dog or the apple pie. In attempting to track down its origin, it is found that several U.S. cities claim to be its birthplace—New Orleans, New York, Philadelphia, and Chester. A strong possibility is the simultaneous, independent invention of all these cities. Whatever it started, the sandwich was clearly an innovation of the Italian immigrants, In their old country, Italian workers had gone home at midday for their lunch; since U.S. factory owners frowned on this practice, they adopted the roll as a kind of lunchbox and put their meat and cheese within. In this way, an inexpensive yet filling meal could be carried to the workplace without damage. Hence we can see the sandwich as a compromise between the Old World attachment to sausages and cheese, and the need in the American workday context. The sandwich remained largely a working-class item from its beginning in the 580s. Then during the Depression the financially suffered middle class realized its value as an economical meal and transformed it into an American staple （生活必需品）. 1.The passage offers a long list of the sandwich's names to give readers an impression that ________. A.different people prefer different sandwiches B.the sandwich is very popular among Americans C.the sandwich has some funny and interesting names D.Americans frequently talk about the sandwich 2.The birthplace of the sandwich is probably ________. A.New Orleans B.New York 16 / 46 助你成功 撷墨教育 墨盒自考 7 天 70 分刷题 C.Philadelphia D.all of the above 3.The most possible inventor of the sandwich is ________. A.factory workers B.gold miners C.school teachers D.restaurant cooks 4.It can be concluded from the passage that ________. A.the sandwich is a gift from the New World to the Old World B.the sandwich is a gift from the Old World to the New World C.the sandwich is a compromise between the Old World and the New World D.the sandwich is mainly popular among Italian immigrants in America 5.The most important feature of the sandwich as lunch is ________. A.nutritious B.economical C.portable D.free from disease germs 第四题 第二部分：阅读选择（第 1～5 题，每题 2 分，共 10 分） 阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的 4 个选项(A.B.C.D)中选出 1 个最佳选项，并在答题卡 相应位置上将该项涂黑。 Income Income may be national income and personal income. Whereas national income is defined as the total earned income of all the factors of production-namely, profits, 17 / 46 助你成功 撷墨教育 墨盒自考 7 天 70 分刷题 interest, rent, wages, and other compensation for labor, personal income may be defined as total money income received by individuals before personal taxes are paid. National income does not equal GNP (Gross National Product) because the factors of production do not receive payment for either capital consumption allowances or indirect business taxes, both of which are included in GNP. The money put aside for capital consumption is for replacement and thus is not counted as income. Indirect taxes include sales taxes, property taxes , and excise taxes that are paid by businesses directly to the government and so reduce the income left to pay for the factors of production. Three-fourths of national income goes for wages, salaries, and other forms of compensation to employees. Whereas national income shows the income that the factors of production earn, personal income measures the income that individuals or households receive. Corporation profits are included in national income because they are earned. Out of these profits, however, corporation profit taxes must be paid to the government, and some money must be put into the business for expansion. Only that part of profits distributed as dividends goes to the individual; therefore, out of corporation profits only dividends count as personal income. The factors of production earn money for social security and unemployment insurance contributions, but this money goes to government (which is not a factor of production), not to individuals. It is therefore part of national income but not part of personal income. On the other hand, money received by individuals when they collect social security or unemployment compensation is not money earned but money received. Interest received on government bonds is also in this category, because much of the money received from the sale of bonds went to pay for war production and that production no longer furnishes a service to the economy. The money people receive as personal income may be either spent or saved. However, not all spending is completely voluntary. A significant portion of our income goes to pay personal taxes. Most workers never receive the money they pay in personal 18 / 46 助你成功 撷墨教育 墨盒自考 7 天 70 分刷题 taxes, because it is withheld from their paychecks. The money that individuals are left with after they have met their tax obligations is disposable personal income. Disposable income can be divided between personal consumption expenditures and personal savings. It is important to remember that personal saving is what is left after spending. 1.This passage is mainly about ＿＿. A.the difference between national income and GNP B.the difference between national income and personal income C.the concept of income D.the difference between disposable income and nondisposable income 2.Which of the following statements is true according to the first paragraph? A.GNP equals national income plus indirect business taxes. B.GNP excludes both capital consumption allowances and indirect business taxes. C.Personal income is regarded as the total money income received by an individual after his or her taxes are paid. D.The money that goes for capital consumption is not regarded as income. 3.It can be easily seen from this passage that the government levies tax on＿＿. A.corporation profits B.every individual even though his income is very low C.those who work in joint ventures D.those who work in government departments 4.According to this passage, the money you get as interest from government bonds is＿＿. A.the money earned B.the money not earned but received C.the money received for the contribution you have made to the economy 19 / 46 助你成功 撷墨教育 墨盒自考 7 天 70 分刷题 D.the money earned for the service you have furnished to the economy 5.The passage implies that＿＿. A.people willingly pay taxes because they want to do something useful to the country B.people willingly pay taxes because they do not want to be looked down upon by others C.people pay taxes unwillingly because they feel they will be arrested if they do not D.people pay taxes somewhat unwillingly 第五题 第二部分：阅读选择（第 1～5 题，每题 2 分，共 10 分） 阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的 4 个选项(A.B.C.D)中选出 1 个最佳选项，并在答题卡 相应位置上将该项涂黑。 Keep Your Dream Do you have a dream-something that you've always seen yourself doing? Perhaps you see yourself as an actor, business owner, or even a CEO. Whatever dream God has given you, don’t let it die. A dream is a wonderful thing. It can give you hope for your future and encourage you to try when all odds are against you. But be-ware, there are dream killers that want to snuff the life out of your dream. Don't let them do it! People who can't or don't want to