撷墨教育 墨盒自考 辅导教材 Unit 1 The Power of Language Text A Critical Reading 一、重点词汇 critical adj. involving making fair, careful judgments about the good and bad qualities of somebody/something 有判断力的；判断公正（或审慎的） 例句： Try to develop a more critical attitude, instead of accepting everything at face value.要 学会对一切事物一丝不苟, 而不要注重表面现象. 用法：of or at a crisis; decisive; crucial 危机中的；危急时刻的；决定性的；关键的 例句： We are at a critical time in our history.我们正处于历史的紧要关头。 衍生：criticize, criticise vt. ① ~ sb/sth （for sth） point out the faults of sb/sth 批评某人[某事物]；挑剔；非难 例句： Stop criticizing （my work）! 别再挑剔（我那作品）了! ② form and express a judgment on （a work of art, literature, etc） 评论（艺术﹑文学等作 品） 例句： teaching students how to criticize poetry 向学生讲授评论诗歌的方法 criticism n.looking for faults; pointing out faults 批评 evaluate vt.to form an opinion of the amount, value or quality of something after thinking about it carefully 估计; 评价，评估 例句： I can't evaluate his ability without seeing his work.我没有看到他的工作情况, 无法评 论他的能力。 衍生: Val=value, worth 价值 valuable（有价值的）, invaluable（无法估价的）, devaluate（贬值）, evaluate（估价）, undervalue （低估） consistent adj.in agreement with something 相符的；符合的 用法: be ~ with sth eg：What you say now is not consistent with what you said last week.你现在说的话与你上星 1 / 28 撷墨教育 墨盒自考 辅导教材 期说过的话不相符。 衍生：consistency 一致 inconsistency 不一致 identify vt.to find or discover somebody/ something 找到；发现 eg：She identified the man as her attacker.她认出那个男人就是袭击过她的人。 衍生：identification n.means of proving who one is; official papers that do this 身份证明 eg： Can I see your identification, please? 请给我看看你的身分证件行吗? identity n who or what sb/sth is 身份 eg：There is no clue to the identity of the thief.没有确定窃贼身份的线索。 identity card （also ID card） 身份证（通常有相片，供本人携带或佩带） credible adj.that can be believed or trusted 可信的；可靠的 例句： a credible witness/statement/report 可信的证人/陈词/报道 衍生：-able/ible “可…的，能…的” believable 可信的，acceptable 可接受的，desirable 值得要的，accessible 可接近，flexible 灵活的 credibility n.quality of being believable 可信性；可靠性 -ability/ibility “可…性”: 例句： adaptability 适应能力, dependability 可靠性 apply vi. ①~ （to sb/sth） be relevant （to sb/sth）; have an effect （与某人/某物）有关；有效；适 用 例句： These rules don't always apply.这些规则并非总能行得通。 ②make a formal request 申请；请求 apply for sth 例句： apply for a post/passport/visa 申请职位/护照/签证 apply to sb 例句： I applied to four universities and was accepted by all of them.我申请了四所大学，并 2 / 28 撷墨教育 墨盒自考 辅导教材 都被他们录取了。 二、课文学习 Critical Reading Critical reading applies to non-fiction writing in which the author puts forth a position or seeks to make a statement. 【in which 引导后面的定语从句，修饰先行词 writing。例如：We passed a pool in which ducks were swimming.我们走过一个池塘，塘中鸭子在戏水。 apply to 是固定搭 配 ， 意 思 是 “ 使 用 于 ； 适 用 于 ”。 例 如 ： Loyalty applies to various kinds of relationships- friendship,work,family.忠诚适 用于不同的人际关系——朋友、同事、家人。put forth 意思是“提 出；产生”。例如：Darwin put forth the theory of evolution.达尔文提出了进化论。】 Critical reading is active reading.It involves more than just understanding what an author is saying.【这里 what 引出 一个名词性从句。例如：I didn't understand what he said.我不明白他说了些什么。involve 意思是 “卷入；包含；牵涉”。例如：Don't involve me in your quarrel.不要把我卷进你们的争吵中。more than 意思是“超过；不只是”。例如： I was more than a little angry when I saw how they'd destroyed the ancient bridge.当我见到他们是怎样破坏了这座古桥时，我非常生气。】Critical reading involves questioning and evaluating what the author is saying, and forming your own opinions about what the author is saying.Here are the things you should do to be a critical reader. Consider the context of what is written.You may be reading something that was written by an author from a different cultural context than yours.【这里 different than 是美式英语用法（different from 是英式英语用法），意思是 “与……不同”。例如：We are absolutely different people than we were.我们已经变得与之前完全不同了。】Or, you may be reading something written some time ago in a different time context than yours.In either case, you must recognize and take into account any differences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author. 【take…into account/consideration 是固定搭配，意思是“考虑到；顾及”。例如：Working in a team,we have to take into account/consideration how each individual member works best.在团队中工作时，我们 必须考虑到个人如何充分地发挥作用。represent 意思是“描述；表现”。例如：I will represent to him what kind of risks he is running.我将向他描述他处于什么样的危险之中。】 Question assertions made by the author.Don't accept what is written at face value.【accept/take.… 3 / 28 撷墨教育 墨盒自考 辅导教材 at face value 意思是“相信表面；信以为真”。例如：I tend to take things at face value.我总是看 事物的表象。】Before accepting what is written, be certain that the author provides sufficient support for any assertions made.Look for facts, examples, and statistics that provide support.【statistics，名 词复数，意思是“统计数字；统计资料”，还可用作不可数名词，意思是 “统计学”。例如： Statistics show that people now drink less beer than they used to, and smoke fewer cigarettes.统计资 料表明，人们现在比过去喝啤酒少了，而且烟也抽得少了。】Also, look to see if the author has integrated the work of authorities.【这里 if 是“是否”的意思，引导一个名词性从句。例如：He measured the rope to see if it was long enough.他量了量那根绳子看是否够长。integrate 意思是“整 合；综合；融入；合并”。例如：We must integrate theory with practice.我们必须把理论与实际结 合起来。】 Compare what is written with other written work on the subject.Look to see that what is written is consistent with what others have written about the subject.【consistent 意思是“相符的；符合的”， consistent with..是固定搭配，意思是 “与……相符合的；与……一致的”。例如：This is wholly justifiable and entirely consistent with the moral concepts of Chinese society.这是完全正当的，完全 符合中国社会的道德观念。】If there are inconsistencies, carefully evaluate the support the author provides for the inconsistencies. Analyze assumptions made by the author.Assumptions are whatever the author must believe is true in order to make assertions.In many cases, the author's assumptions are not directly stated.【in many cases 意思是“在很多情况下”。例如：The effects of smoking on human health are serious and in many cases, deadly.吸烟对人体的危害是非常严重的，在很多情况下是致命的。directly 意 思是“直接地；径直地”。例如：Quite recently man has succeeded in converting sunlight directly into electrical energy.最近人们已经成功地把太阳光直接转化为电能。】This means you must read carefully in order to identify any assumptions.Once you identify an assumption, you must decide whether or not the assumption is valid.【identify 用作及物动词，意思是“发现，找到”。例如： Scientists claim to have identified natural substances to fight against lung cancer.科学家声称已经发 现自然界的某些物质可以对抗肺癌。identify 作为及物动词，还有“识别，分辨”的意思。例 如：She learned how to identify medicinal herbs from a traditional Chinese doctor.她向一位中医大 夫学习如何识别草药。whether or not 意思是“是否”，引导一个名词性从句。例如：What I want to know is whether or not you have lost faith in me.我想知道的是，你是否已经对我失去了信心。 4 / 28 撷墨教育 墨盒自考 辅导教材 valid 在句中的意思是“合理有效的；确凿的”。例如：How long will the registered trademark remain valid? 注册商标的有效期是多长？】 Evaluate the sources the author uses.In doing this, be certain that the sources are credible. 【credible 意思是“可信的；可靠的”。例如：He is a sincere and credible man who has earned the trust of all. 他为人一向诚恳可信，深得大家的信赖。incredible 是其反义词，意思是“不可思议 的，难以置信的；惊人的”。例如：Surely you've seen more incredible things than I can even imagine. 当然，你见过的不可思议之事一定比我想象的还要多。】For example, Einstein is a credible source if the author is writing about landmark achievements in physics.Also be certain that the sources are relevant.【relevant 意思是“紧密相关的；切题的”。例如：On presentation of the relevant identity documents you may collect your property.你只要出示相关的身份证件就可以领取你的财产。近义 词 related 常和介词 to 搭配使用。例如：Effective communication is directly related to the size of the project team.有效沟 通与项目团队的规模是直接相关的。反义词 irrelevant 的意思是“不相 干的；不相关的”，常和介词 to 搭配。unrelated 是其同义词。例如：That is completely irrelevant to the subject under discussion.这与正在讨论的主题完全是不相关的。】Einstein is not a relevant source when the subject is poetry.Finally, if the author is writing about a subject in its current state, be sure that the sources are current.For example, studies done by Einstein in the early 20th century may not be appropriate if the writer is discussing the current state of knowledge in physics. Identify any possible author bias.A written discussion of American politics will likely look considerably different depending on whether the writer is a Democrat or a Republican.What is written may very well reflect a biased position.【这里 may very well 的意思是“完全能；有充分理由可 以”。例如：You may very well find that the end of the book is better than the beginning.你完 全能 发现这本书的结尾比开头好。相关表达法还有：might well，can well，could well。例如：Given the opportunity, she might well have become an outstanding artist.如若给她机会，她很可能成为一 位杰出的艺术家。This is the simplest way which can well be worked out.这是可能得到的最简单 的方法。This election result could well lead to further bloodshed.这个选举结果很可能导致更多的 流血。动词 reflect 意思是“显示；表明；表达”。例如：The election results do not always reflect back the views of voters.选举的结果并不总是真实地反映出选民的观点。reflection 是其名词形 （声、光、热等的）反射”。例如：His dark looks are a reflection of his 式，意思是“反映；思考； unhappiness.他忧郁的神情是内心苦恼的反映。biased 的意思是“有偏见的，偏向的”。例如： 5 / 28 撷墨教育 墨盒自考 辅导教材 Many parents are biased against popular music.许多家长对流行音乐持有偏见。】You need to take this possible bias into account when reading what the author has written.That is, take what is written with "a grain of salt."【grain 意思是“（小）颗粒；谷粒”。例如：a grain of wheat 一粒小麦；a grain of sand 一粒沙子 There was a grain of truth in what he said.他说的话中有一点真理。with a grain of salt 是固定搭配，意思是“有保留地；持怀疑态度地”。例如：We take his predictions with a grain of salt.我们对他的预测持保留/怀疑态度。】 By being a critical reader, you will become better informed and may change your views as appropriate.【informed 意思是“有学问的；有见识的”。动词 inform 常和介词 of 搭配使用。例 如：According to informed sources, a takeover bid is planned for next month.据消息灵通人士透露， 下月将会作出收购计划。We shall inform you of the date of the team's arrival.我们将把小组的到 达日期告诉你。Please inform us of your decision and we will act accordingly.请把你们的决定通 知我们，我们会照着去办的。inform 的派生词包括：不可数名词 information；形容词 informed， well-informed。常和介词 on 或 of 搭配。例如：Each training center would provide information on technology and training.每个培训中心都会提供技术与培训方面的信息。】 三、课内练习 Exercises I Checking Your Comprehension Directions: Choose the best answer to each question from the information give in the passage. 说明:从文章给出的信息中选择每个问题的最佳答案。 1.Reading non-fiction writing critically involves ___. A. supporting the author's opinion B. developing your own opinions C. understanding what is written D. reading without any imagination 【正确答案】B 【答案解析】此题为句意理解题。由文中第一段 Critical reading involves questioning and evalating what the author is saying,and forming your own opinions about what the author is saying 可知，非 文学类作品的批评性阅读是要提出自己的观点和摆明自己的态度，选项 B,即提出自己的观点， 6 / 28 撷墨教育 墨盒自考 辅导教材 最为恰当。答案为 B。 2.Before accepting what is written in an article, you should be sure that______. A. enough support for the assertions has been given B. your values and attitudes have been, reflected in it C. it has been checked from an authoritative source D. you have found the differences in the writing styles 【正确答案】A 【答案解析】此题为句意理解题。由文中第三段第三句，Before accepting what is written, be certain that the author provides sufficient support for any assertions made 可知，选项 A 符合文中意思， 即你在接受作者的观点之前，要确信有足够的论据支持作者的论点。答案为 A。 3.If there are some inconsistent points in the article, you should________. A. insist on your own opinion and confirm it B. avoid mentioning the inconsistencies C. emphasize the work of authorities D. examine the author's supportive statements 【正确答案】D 【答案解析】此题为句意理解题。由文中第四段末句，If there are inconsistencies, carefully evaluate the support the author provides for the inconsistencies 可知，最符合原文，即如果文章中有不一致 的观点时，你要仔细阅读并检查作者所提出的支持其论点的论证。答案为 D。 4.Einstein is a relevant source when the article is about_________ A. physical breakthroughs B. the subject of poetry C. studies in current physics D. credible writing Sources 【正确答案】A 【答案解析】此题为细节题。由文中第六段第三句,Einstein is a credible source if the author is writing about landmark achievements in physics 可知，如果文章讲的是关于物理学的突破时，爱 7 / 28 撷墨教育 墨盒自考 辅导教材 因斯坦就是相关的例子。答案为 A。 5.The author believes that by being a critical reader you can________ . A. remember what is written clearly B. eliminate your own discrimination C. have much more knowledge D. spend more time in reading 【正确答案】C 【答案解析】此题为文章大意总结题。由课文最后一段结束句，By being a critical reader, you will become better informed and may change your views as appropriate 可知，课文结束说通过做 一名有判断力的读者，你会变得见多识广，也能使你的观点更恰当，所以选项 C 最符合课文的 意思。答案为 C。 Exercise II Building Your Vocabulary Section A Directions: Complete each of the following sentences with the correct choice of the words given in the brackets 注意:从括号中所给的词中选择正确的词完成下列句子 1.These results are _____ with the findings of the previous study.（consistent, consistency） 【正确答案】consistent 【答案解析】be consistent with… 固定短语，意为与……相符。其中 be 动词 are 后面应该是表 语形容词 consistent，而 consistency 是名词形式。答案为 consistent。 2.We were not surprised by their_____ that the train services would be reduced.（state, statement） 【正确答案】statement 【答案解析】statement，名词，说明、表态，而 state 表示“陈述”时是动词，做名词解时是 “国度”的意思。答案为 statement。 3.The statistics ______a change in people's spending habits.（reflect, reflection） 8 / 28 撷墨教育 墨盒自考 辅导教材 【正确答案】reflect 【答案解析】译文：此统计数据反映了人们消费习惯方面的变化。这里句子缺少的是谓语动词， 而 reflection 是名词。reflect，动词，显示、表明。答案为 reflect。 4.I'm afraid your driving license is______ in Eastern Europe.（valid, invalid） 【正确答案】invalid 【答案解析】译文：我担心你的驾驶执照在东欧无效。invalid 是 valid 的反义词，意为“无效 的”。答案为 invalid。 5.Twenty-five dollars was______ more than he had expected to pay （considerable, considerably） 【正确答案】considerably 【答案解析】译文：二十五美元比他原来估计的多多了。considerably，副词，很，非常，相当 多地。答案为 considerably。 6.Direct _______ between the two languages is not possible.（compare, comparison） 【正确答案】comparison 【答案解析】译文：直接对比两种语言是不可能的。这里空格处的单词是主语中心词，主语中 心词不能是动词。comparison, 名词，表示“比较，对比”；compare 是其动词形式。答案为 comparison。 Section B Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary. 说明:用下面所给的单词填空。必要时更改单词形式。 assumption landmark critical evaluate represent identify credible appropriate 1.In my opinion, there was no _____evidence against him. 【正确答案】credible 【答案解析】句意：我的意见是，没有反对他的可信的证据。这里 against sb.指的是反对某人。 9 / 28 撷墨教育 墨盒自考 辅导教材 形容词 credible 意为可信的。答案为 credible。 2.Even the smallest baby can _____its mother by her voice. 【正确答案】identify 【答案解析】句意：甚至最小的小婴儿都可以通过声音来识别辨认出他的母亲。本空缺少谓语 动词，identify 意为辨认，辨识，符合题意。答案为 identify。 3.People tend to make _____ about you based on your appearance. 【正确答案】assumption 【答案解析】句意：人们容易根据你的外表做出一些假设。本空缺少宾语，应选用名词。 assumption 为名词，意为假设、假定，符合题意。答案为 assumption。 4.This new represents_____ the current situation in our schools. 【正确答案】represents 【答案解析】句意：这篇新闻报道描述了我们学校目前的状况。其中 represent，动词，描述、 表现，此处要注意时态。答案为 represents。 5.The performance of each employee is ____ once a year. 【正确答案】evaluated 【答案解析】句意：每年，每一位员工的表现每年都会被评估一次。注意此句子中的被动语态， 员工绩效被评估，所以动词 evaluate 应为被动式 evaluated。答案为 evaluated。 6.We need to ensure that the teaching they receive is _____to their needs. 【正确答案】appropriate 【答案解析】句意：我们需要确保他们所接受的教育适合他们的需求。appropriate 是形容词， 指的是“合适的”。答案为 appropriate。 Section C 10 / 28 撷墨教育 墨盒自考 辅导教材 Directions: Complete each of the following sentences with a suitable word. 说明:用合适的词完成下列句子。 1.That bit of the form is for UK citizens —it doesn't apply ____ you. 【正确答案】to 【答案解析】译文：表格的那一部分是针对英国公民的，和你没关系。apply to，固定搭配，应 用，使用。答案为 to。 2.Arguments were put ____ for changing some of the rules of the game. 【正确答案】forth 【答案解析】译文：争议之所以产生，是因为要修改该项运动的一些规则。put forth，固定搭 配，提出，产生。答案为 forth。 3.When judging his performance, don't take his age ____ account. 【正确答案】into 【答案解析】take...into account ，固定搭配，考虑到，顾及。答案为 into。 4.He's universally recognized as an authority ____ Russian affairs. 【正确答案】on 【答案解析】译文：在俄罗斯事务方面，他被公认为是一个专家。答案为 on。 5.Just compare the one that has been cleaned ____ the others. 【正确答案】with 【答案解析】compare...with… 为固定搭配，把……和……做对比，比较。compare t。把…… 比作。答案为 with。 6.Education should be relevant ____ the child's needs. 【正确答案】to 【答案解析】be relevant to，固定搭配，有关的，相关的。答案为 to。 11 / 28 撷墨教育 墨盒自考 辅导教材 Text B The language of Confidence 一、重点单词 confidence n. a belief in your own ability to do things and be successful 自信心 用法： to have/lose confidence in sb. 对某人抱有[失去]信心 例句： I have little confidence in him. 我对他没有什么信心。 衍生： confident adj. feeling sure about your own ability to do things and be successful 自信 的；有自信心的 confident of sth/that... 自信的；有信心的；有把握的 例句： feel confident of succeeding/that one will succeed 有信心能成功 quality n. the standard of something when it is compared to other things like it; how good or bad sth is 质量；品质 用法： be of poor/good/high etc. quality 质量差/好/高 例句： Much of the land was of poor quality. 很多土地质量差。 Use only high quality ingredients.使用高质量原料。 衍生：qualify v. have or give（sb） the qualities, training, etc. that are necessary or suitable（for sth）（使）（某人）具有资格；给（某人）某种资格；（使）合格 例句： I won't qualify until next year. 我明年才具备资格。 qualified adj. having completed the relevant training or examination 经过训练或考试的；有 资格的；合格的；及格的 例句： a qualified doctor 合格的医生 subconscious adj. connected with feelings that influence your behavior even though you are not aware of them 下意识的；潜意识的 例句：the subconscious self 潜意识的自我 衍生：sub- ＝ under 在…之下 subway（地铁）， submarine（潜水艇） conscious adj. aware; noticing 知道的；察觉的；注意到的 12 / 28 撷墨教育 墨盒自考 辅导教材 例句： be conscious of being watched/that one is being watched 察觉有人在监视自己 consciousness n. all the ideas, thoughts, feelings, etc. of a person or people 意识 eg：attitudes that are deeply ingrained in the English consciousness 深深扎根于英国人意识中 的看法 matter v. to be important or have an important effect on somebody/something 事关紧要；有 重大影响 用法：matter（to sb） eg：What does it matter（whether he comes or goes）?（他来也好去也好）那有什么关系? It doesn't matter to me what you do. 你做什么我都无所谓。 disempower v. to reduce the amount of control that someone has over a situation or over their life 剥夺；使失去权利 衍生：dis- ＝ 除去，剥夺 disable（使丧失能力）， disarm（解除武装）， discourage（使失去勇气）， discover（发现） em-, en- ＝ 使 embody（体现）， empower（授权）， encourage（鼓励）， endanger（使危险） 二、课文学习 The Language of Confidence The language we use programs our brains.【we use 是定语从句，修饰先行词 language，关系 代词 that/which 本来应该用在 language 后面，但因其在定语从句中作谓语动词 use 的宾语，可 以省略。句中 program 用作及物动词，意思是“给……编写程序；设定；决定”。例如：He programmed his computer to compare all the possible combinations.他给他的计算机编制了一套程 序，以比较所有可能的（密码）组合。program 还可用作名词，意思是“程序；节目，节目单； 计划，安排”。例如：This new program was the brainchild of Bill Gates.这个新程序是比尔·盖茨 编写的。名词 programming 意思是“规划，设计；编程”。例如：There are some programming errors that need correction.有一些程式错误需要修改。名词 programmer 意思是“程序设计者；程 序设计器；节目编排者；订计划者”。例如：I want to be a computer programmer but I don't know if I'm clever enough.我想当一名电脑程序员，但不知道我是否足够聪明。】 Mastering our language gives us a great degree of mastery over our lives and our destinies.【mastering our language 是主语， 13 / 28 撷墨教育 墨盒自考 辅导教材 这里 master 是及物动词，意思是“掌握；精通” 。例如：Students are expected to master their native languages well.学生们应该熟练掌握自己的母语。master 还可作为名词，意思是“硕士；主人； 大师”。例如：The old servant fulfilled his master's charge to care for the children.老仆人履行了主 人要他照料好孩子的指示。mastery 是名词，意思是“控制；驾驭”。例如：The team gained mastery over its opponent.该队占了上风。destinies 是名词 destiny 的复数形式，意思是“命运；天命”。 例如：We want to be masters of our own destinies.我们要做自己命运的主人。】 It is important to use the language in the best way possible in order to dramatically improve our quality of life. 【dramatically 意思是“巨大地；惊人地；显著地”。例如：Our way of life has changed dramatically over the last ten years.过去十年里我们 的生活方式发生了巨大变化。】 Even the smallest of words can have the deepest effect on our subconscious mind, which is like a child, and it doesn't really understand the difference between what really happens and what you imagine. 【have the deepest effect on sth .的意思是“对……产生最深刻的影响”，其中 have a/an… effect on sth.是固定搭配，意思是“对…….产生……的影响”。例如：Her poor health has had a bad effect on her election.身体状况欠佳已对她的竞选产生了不利影响。effect 是名词，意思是 “影响；效果”。例如：The stage lighting gives the effect of a moonlit scene.舞台灯光产生了月夜 景色的效果。subconscious 既可作名词也可作形容词，意思是“下意识（的）；潜意识（的）”。 例如：The memory of it all was locked deep in my subconscious.关于它的一切记忆都深植于我的 潜意识里。形容词 conscious 意思是“有意识的；神志清醒的；自觉的；有意的； （痛苦、感情、 冷气等）感觉得到的”，同 self-conscious。例如：I had to make a conscious effort not to be rude to her.我得刻意约束自己不要对她粗鲁。conscious 的反义词是 unconscious，意思是“无意识的； 无知觉的”。例如： He was unconscious of his mistake. 他 没 意 识 到 自 己 的 错 误 。 conscious 的 名 词 形 式 是 consciousness，意思是“意识；知觉”。例如：He drifted in and out of consciousness.他时而清醒， 时而昏迷。】It is eager to please and willing to carry out any commands that you give it -- whether you do this knowingly or not is entirely up to you.【句中 please 是动词，意思是“使满意；讨好， 取悦”。例如：She always goes out of her way to please her guests.她总是不怕麻烦地使客人称心 如意。carry out 是固定搭配，意思是“执行；完成（任务）”。例如：There seem to be no objections to carrying out the plan.对执行这个计划似乎没有反对意见。knowingly 意思是“故意地；有意 地”。例如：He accused them of knowingly spreading rumors about him.他指责他们故意散布有关 14 / 28 撷墨教育 墨盒自考 辅导教材 他的谣言。be up to 是固定搭配，意思是“取决于”。例如： It's up to you whether you decide to take the job.你是否决定要这份工作取决于你自己。】 "Try" It is a small word yet it has an amazing impact upon us.【impact 意思是“巨大影响；强大作 用”。have an impact on/upon..是固定搭配，意 思是“对……产生巨大的影响”。例如： There's no question that the ads had a real impact on the public.毫无疑问，这些广告对公众确实产 生了影响。相同意思的表达法还有：have an effect/influence on,shape（作动词用），influence （作 动词用）。 Like it or not，our families shape our lives and make us what we are.无论喜欢与否，我们的家庭影 响我们的生活，决定我们成为什么样的人。】 If someone says, "I'll try to do that" you know that they are not going to be pulling their whole heart into it, and may not even do it at all. How often do you use the word try when talking about the things that matter to you? 【句中 mater 用作不及物动 词，意思是“有关系；要紧；有影响”。例如：It doesn't maer much whether we go together or separately.我们是一起去还是分 头去，这并不太重要。count 作不及物动词，表示“有价值；有 重要性”的意思时，是 matter 的近义词。例如：Good manners count little or nothing with some people.在有些人看来礼貌不重要。】Do you say "I'll try to be more confident" or "I'll try to do that" or "I'll try to call"? Think about something that you would like to achieve, and say it to yourself in two different ways. Firstly say, "I'll try to… " and notice how you feel. Next say, "I will do…" and see how you feel. The latter makes you feel better than the first one, doesn't it? It gives you a sense of determination, a feeling that it will be done. Listen to the people around you and when they say they will try notice if it gets done or not. Eliminate the word try from your dictionary and see how your life improves. 【eliminate 意思是“排除；清除；消除”。例如：She went through the composition carefully to eliminate all errors from it.她认真地检查了作文，以排除所有的错误。】 "Can't" This is another small word with a big impact. It disempowers us, makes us feel weak and helpless, and damages our self-esteem.【disempower 意思是“剥夺；使失去权利”。例如：She feels that women have been disempowered throughout history.她认为在历史的长河中女性一直是被剥夺了 权利的。self-esteem 意思是“自尊（心）”。例如：Poor self-esteem is at the center of many of the 15 / 28 撷墨教育 墨盒自考 辅导教材 difficulties we experience in our career.自尊心不足是我们职业生涯中所遭遇的种种困难中的核心 问题。】 It limits our infinite abilities and stifles creativity.【infinite 意思是“极大的；无穷的；无 法衡量的”。例如：Chinese handwriting has infinite power to express differences of character and cultivation.中国的书法能够充分表现出各人不同的性情和修养。stifle 意思是“压制；扼杀；阻 止”。例如：It was an uninteresting conversation and I had to stifle a yawn.那是一次枯燥无味的交 谈，我不得不强忍住自己的哈欠。】 Rub it out from your internal dictionary and replace it with something that makes you feel great.【rub…out 是固定搭配，意思是“用橡皮擦掉（字迹等）”。 例如：You can use a rubber to rub out pencil marks which are wrong.你可以用橡皮擦 掉写错的铅 笔字迹。internal 意思是“内心的；头脑中的；内部的；体内的”。例如：I seem to have overcome my internal fears at least temporarily.最起码，我似乎已 经暂时克服了自己内心的恐惧。反义词 external 意思是“外面的，外部的；体外的”。例如：The external features of the building are very attractive.这座建筑物的外观是很吸引人的。】 Instead of saying you can't, why not say something like "I choose…" or "I choose not to…". Using words like this allows you to take back your power and to be in control of your life.【be in control of 是固定搭配，意思是“掌管；管理；控制”。例如：He was drunk and not in control of his hands and feet.他喝醉了，手脚都不听使唤了。be in the control of 也是固定搭配，意思是 “由……控制；由……负责”。例如：He was in the control of evil men who forced him to do wicked things.他受了坏 人的控制，他们强迫他干坏事。】 Words may appear small and insignificant, yet they can have a deep and lasting effect on us. Mastering your language gives you the power to live whatever life you desire. What words do you use a lot that disempower you? Make a list of words you commonly use and then write next to them some alternatives you can use.【句中 alternatives 是复数形式，意思是“可 供选择的事物”。例如：Obey standards unless there is a truly superior alternative.除非有真正卓越 的替代方案，否则必须遵守标准。alternative 也可用作形容词，意思是“可供选择的；备选的； 其他的；另类的”。例如：There were alternative methods of travel available.还有其他可选的旅行 方式。alternative, choice, selection 这三个词均含有“选择”之意。alternative 既可指在相互排 斥的两者之间作严格的选择，也可指在两者以上进行选择。例如：She had no alternative but to ask for a few days' leave.没有其他选择，她只好请几天假。choice 侧重自由选择的权利或特权。 例如：There are many books, so you can make a choice.有许多书你可以任意选择。selection 指作 16 / 28 撷墨教育 墨盒自考 辅导教材 广泛的选择，着重选择者的识别力或鉴赏力。例如：Where can we get more information about job selection? 在选择职业方面我们从哪里能得到更多的信息？】 Make these alternatives words that make you feel fabulous, not only about yourself, but about life and what you are doing!【fabulous 意 思是“极好的；绝妙的”。例如：I told my wife a white lie saying that she looked fabulous in her new clothes.我对太太撒了个善意的谎言，称赞她穿上新衣看起来好极了。】 三、课内练习 Exercises I Checking Your Comprehension Section A Directions: Read the following statements and mark Y（for Yes）if the statement agrees with the information given in the text; N（for NO）if the statement contradicts the information given in the text; NG（for Not Given）if the information is not given in the text. 说明:阅读下列语句，如与正文内容一致，请标记 Y(为 Yes);N(表示否)如声明与正文所提供的资料相矛盾;如 果文本中没有给出信息，则使用 NG(表示没有给出)。 （ ）1.Using our language in the best way is significant for the improvement of our life. 【正确答案】Y 【答案解析】判断的根据在课文第一段第三句，it is important to use the language in the best way possible in order to dramatically improve our quality of life.答案为 Y。 （ ）2.We can knowingly make our command carried out without using a word. 【正确答案】NG 【答案解析】判断的根据在课文第二段末句，It is eager to please and willing to carry out any commands that you give it ---whether you do this knowingly or not is entirely up to you.由此可知， 题干中 without using a word 文中未提及。答案为 NG。 （ ）3.If we use the word try, we may not make efforts to achieve the things that we want to do. 【正确答案】Y 【答案解析】文中第三段提到 they are not going to be putting their whole heart into it, and may not 17 / 28 撷墨教育 墨盒自考 辅导教材 even do it at all.答案为 Y。 （ ）4.We can improve our life by saying the word try in our daily life. 【正确答案】N 【答案解析】文章通篇都是说 try 和 can't 等这些小词对我们生活的负面影响，即想要让我们 过得好一些，就不要在日常生活中使用它们。即本句话有误。答案为 N。 （ ）5.We can use a word that makes us feel great to help us feel powerful. 【正确答案】Y 【答案解析】文中说，some small words disempower us 和 these alternative words make you feel fabulous，也就是说 we can use a word that makes us feel great to help us feel powerful.答案为 Y。 （ ）6.Though some words may seem small, they can help us do everything we want. 【正确答案】N 【答案解析】文中说，这些小词对我们有深刻而持久的影响，和 help us do everything we want 表达的含义差距很远。答案为 N。 Section B Direction: Complete the following sentences with the information given in the text. 说明:用课文中给出的信息完成下列句子。 1._______________________ helps us be in control of our lives and destinies. 【正确答案】Mastering our language 【答案解析】课文第一段第二句给出了相关信息：Mastering our language... and our destinies， 由此我们可以总结出题干的答案应为 mastering our language，注意首字母大写。答案为 Mastering our language。 2.Any words can have a dramatic influence on _______________________. 【正确答案】our subconscious mind 【答案解析】第二段首句说到 Even the smallest of words can have the deepest... mind，这句话是 18 / 28 撷墨教育 墨盒自考 辅导教材 说甚至是最小的那些单词也会对我们的潜意识产生深刻的影响。因此与题干含义相吻合。答案 为 our subconscious mind。 3.When we say "I will do…", we will get a sense of _______________________. 【正确答案】determination 【答案解析】文章第四段列举了 I'll try to 和 I'll do 的例子来说明两者的区别。紧接着下一段指 出后者给你一种 determination 的感觉，即有决心完成此事。答案为 determination。 4.Using words like "I choose…" can help us regain _______________________. 【正确答案】the power 【答案解析】文中说，using words like this allows you to take back your power…其中 take back your power 中的 take back 与题干中的 regain 意思相同。答案为 the power。 5.Mastering our language helps us get the power to _______________________ . 【正确答案】live whatever life you desire 【答案解析】倒数第二段最后一句指出 Mastering your language… you desire,与题干含义相符。 答案为 live whatever life you desire. 6.We can write _______________________ next to a list of words we usually use. 【正确答案】alternatives 【答案解析】最后一段指出 Make a list of words you…can use，意为请列一个清单，写出你常使 用的单词，然后在它们旁边写出你可以用来替换掉它们的单词。所以本题应填入 alternatives。 答案为 alternatives。 IV Writing Section A Directions:The following sentences are grammatically incorrect or incoherent.Improve them. 说明:以下句子语法不正确或不连贯。修改句子。 19 / 28 撷墨教育 墨盒自考 辅导教材 1.When dipped in mustard, Sam said the sausage was excellent. 【正确答案】When dipped in mustard,Sam said,the sausage was excellent. 【答案解析】此句中，状语从句的动词 dip 是被动式，这个动作的逻辑主语是 sausage，不是 Sam，这不符合语法规则，修改时，可以将 Sam said 改成插入语就可以了。答案为 When dipped in mustard,Sam said,the sausage was excellent. 2.A Frenchman murdered two wives he didn't like their cooking. 【正确答案】A Frenchman murdered two wives because he didn't like their cooking. 【答案解析】英语中两个句子不能简单地并排在一起构成一个比较复杂的句子，它们通常需要 用表达它们之间关系的连词连接在一起。很显然，本题表达的是原因关系。答案为 A Frenchman murdered two wives because he didn't like their cooking. 3.Annie's dress was old, faded, and it had wrinkles. 【正确答案】Annie's dress was old,faded, and wrinkled. 【答案解析】英语讲究句子平衡，这种平衡就包括如果表语不只一个，那么几个表语的结构要 相同。此句中，old 和 faded 是两个形容词，而 it had wrinkles 是句子，这样是不可以的。修改 时只要把句子表语改成形容词就可以了。it had wrinkles 的意思是“裙子有褶子”,wrinkled 这 个形容词就可以表达这个意思。答案为 Annie's dress was old，faded,and wrinkled. 4.The need for jobs will make us develop our industries. It causes environmental problems. 【正确答案】The need for the jobs will make us develop our industries,but the jobs will cause environmental problems. 【答案解析】此题中，第二句的主语 it 指代的是前面提到的 the need for jobs,the need for jobs 的 中心词是 need，可以按句子意思，导致环境问题的是 jobs，而不是 need。而且，原句的两个句 子之间是转折关系，所以修改时，我们用转折连词将它们连在一起。答案为 The need for the jobs will make us develop our industries,but the jobs will cause environmental problems. 5.My new running shoes fell apart during the marathon which cost more than a hundred dollars. 【正确答案】My new running shoes, which cost more than a hundred dollats,fell apart during the 20 / 28 撷墨教育 墨盒自考 辅导教材 marathon. 【答