它也可作名词使用,通常与定冠词连用,即 **the military**,泛指“**军人;军队;军方**”。当表达“他在军队服役”时,可以说 “He served in the military.” 这比 “He served in the army.” 更宽泛,因为 *military* 涵盖了陆军、海军、空军等所有军种。
**例句 1 (形容词 - 形容事物):**
> The government has decided to increase its **military** spending to modernize the defense system.
> **解析:** 此句中 *military* 修饰 *spending*,意为“军事开支”。这是新闻、政论类文章中非常常见的搭配。掌握 *military spending / budget / expenditure* 这些组合,能让你快速读懂相关题材。
**例句 2 (名词 - 统称):**
> After the coup, the **military** took control of the country.
> **解析:** 这里 *the military* 作为一个集合名词,指代整个军队体系。类似的表达还有 *the police*(警方)、*the public*(公众)。注意,当它作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式(如上例的 *took*),但在英式英语中,如果强调个体成员,也可用复数,但考试中更常见单数谓语。
**例句 3 (形容词 - 形容人):**
> He comes from a **military** family; his father and grandfather were both officers.
> **解析:** *military family* 意为“军人之家”。这个词组在描述人物背景时非常实用。同时,*military officer*(军官)、*military personnel*(军事人员)也是高频词组。
**例句 4 (名词 - 作主语):**
> The **military** is often called upon to assist in natural disasters.
> **解析:** 此句展示了军队的非战争职能——救灾。这也提醒我们,理解 *military* 不能只局限于“打仗”,也要关注其“组织性”、“纪律性”的特点。搭配 *assist in* 是常见的动词短语。
## 三、常考搭配与短语
在自考英语专升本考试中,以下短语出现频率极高,建议背诵并尝试造句:
1. **military service**:兵役
- *In many countries, young men are required to perform military service.*
2. **military operation**:军事行动
- *The secret military operation lasted for three days.*
3. **military force**:军事力量;武力
- *They threatened to use military force if the sanctions were ignored.*
4. **military training**:军事训练
- *Freshmen at some universities undergo military training at the beginning of the term.*
5. **military base**:军事基地
- *The country decided to close its foreign military bases.*
**典型试题陷阱:**
> The government decided to send _______ troops to the region to maintain peace.
> A. militant B. military C. martial D. militia
> **答案:** B。此句意为“派遣正规部队”,需用中性客观的描述。*militant* 太激进,*martial* 不合适(不能说“尚武的部队”),*militia* 是名词且不符合“正规军”的语境。
**示例1:科技类话题**
> The development of the internet was initially a **military** project aimed at secure communication. (互联网的发展最初是一个旨在实现安全通信的军事项目。)
> **写法亮点:** 用 *military project* 引出科技史例,增强说服力。
**示例2:社会安全类话题**
> While a strong **military** is essential for national security, we must also invest in education and healthcare to ensure comprehensive development. (虽然强大的军队对国家安保至关重要,但我们也必须投资教育和医疗,以确保全面发展。)
> **写法亮点:** 使用 *While* 引导的让步状语从句,形成对比论证,体现辩证思维。
**示例3:环境或灾难类话题**
> In the aftermath of the earthquake, the **military** played a crucial role in rescue and relief operations. (地震发生后,军队在救援和救济行动中发挥了关键作用。)
> **写法亮点:** 将 *military* 置于非战争语境,展示其正面、建设性的角色,丰富话题维度。
## 六、高频试题实战演练
请完成以下题目,巩固所学:
**1. 单选题**
The country has been on high alert, and all ______ personnel have been ordered to stand by.
A. militant
B. military
C. militia
D. martial
**2. 完形填空**
He chose to join the ______ after college, believing that serving his country was an honor. During his service, he learned discipline and teamwork.
A. army
B. military
C. navy
D. air force
**3. 翻译题**
许多年轻人选择在毕业后参军,因为他们认为军事训练能够锻炼意志。
Many young people choose to join the military after graduation because they believe that ______ training can strengthen their willpower.
**4. 写作句型仿写**
原句:The military is not only a protector of borders but also a vital force in disaster response.
仿写:______ (提示:用 *military* 或其他核心词,如科技、教育,仿照“不仅是……也是……”的结构)
**参考答案与解析:**
1. B。*military personnel* 是固定搭配,意为“军事人员”。
2. B。虽然A、B、C、D都是军队相关的名词,但 *join the military* 是统称,最符合“参军”的宽泛表达。*join the army* 特指陆军,不如 *military* 准确。
3. **military**
4. 示例:*Education is not only a tool for personal advancement but also a cornerstone of national prosperity.* (教育不仅是个人进步的工具,也是国家繁荣的基石。)
2. 关于语境中的微妙差异:您对“military”与“army”的辨析非常到位。在实际应用中,“military”作为统称,常出现在正式文件、新闻报道或宏观论述中。而“army”则特指陆军。在写作中,若需强调国家武装力量的总体概念,使用“the military”更为严谨;若特指地面部队,则用“army”。例如:“The military is a key institution of the state.”(军队是国家的重要机构。)与“He served in the army for ten years.”(他在陆军服役十年。)二者不可随意互换。
3. 关于写作中的高级应用:您提供的仿写练习极具启发性。我建议同学们在掌握基础搭配后,尝试将“military”用于更复杂的逻辑关系中。例如,在对比论证中: “While a robust military ensures external security, a well-funded education system guarantees long-term internal stability and innovation.” (尽管强大的军队保障了外部安全,但资金充足的教育体系才能确保长期的内部稳定与创新。) 这种句式能有效提升议论文的论证深度与语言档次。