**1. 人际与群体冲突:** 这是最常见的用法。例如,在团队工作中,意见不合是常有的事。可以说:There was a serious conflict between the two departments over the budget allocation.(两个部门在预算分配上存在严重冲突。) 这里的conflict强调了公开的对立和争执。再如,国际关系中的武装冲突:The country has been torn by years of armed conflict.(这个国家因多年的武装冲突而四分五裂。)
**2. 内心冲突:** 文学和心理学中经常用到。当一个人面临两难选择时,内心的矛盾就是conflict。例如:She felt a deep inner conflict between her desire for a career and her family obligations.(她在事业愿望和家庭责任之间感受到了深深的内心冲突。) 这里的conflict指的是思想或情感上的挣扎。
**3. 观点、利益或时间的冲突:** 这种用法更为抽象。例如:My schedule is in conflict with the meeting time.(我的日程安排与会议时间有冲突。) 或者:His principles conflict with his actions.(他的原则与他的行为相抵触。) 需要注意的是,当conflict作动词时,常与介词with搭配。例如:This statement conflicts with the evidence.(这份陈述与证据相矛盾。)
* The two countries have been in conflict for decades over territorial rights.(这两个国家几十年来一直因领土权利而处于冲突之中。)——名词,表示持续的对立状态。
* His political views often conflict with those of his parents.(他的政治观点常常与他父母的相冲突。)——动词,表示不一致。
* The story revolves around the emotional conflict of the protagonist.(故事围绕着主人公的情感冲突展开。)——名词,指内心的挣扎。
* There is a potential conflict of interest in this business deal.(这笔商业交易中存在潜在的利益冲突。)——这是一个非常重要的固定搭配,conflict of interest(利益冲突)在商业、法律等领域高频出现。
* The working hours of the part-time job conflict with my study schedule.(这份兼职的工作时间与我的学习计划相冲突。)——动词,表示时间上的抵触。
(假设一段文字描述职场的困境)John faced a difficult situation. On one hand, his team needed him to finish the project by Friday. On the other hand, his family expected him to attend a celebration on the same weekend. This (3) ___ caused him great stress.
A. decision B. conflict C. opportunity D. solution
**解析**:翻译时要注意“避免”常用avoid,“发生冲突”可以表达为having a conflict或being in conflict。“直接的”对应direct。所以这个句子可以译为:He tried to avoid direct conflict with his colleagues. 或者:He tried to avoid having a direct conflict with his co-workers. 关键点在于正确使用conflict和介词with。
**试题五:写作应用**
假设写作要求是“描述你曾经遇到的一个困难”。你可以这样写:One notable conflict I encountered was between my academic pursuits and my part-time job. The time schedules constantly conflicted, forcing me to make a tough decision. Eventually, I resolved this conflict by prioritizing my studies during the exam period and adjusting my working hours.
除了以上试题,自考英语还经常考察conflict的固定搭配和派生词。例如,形容词conflicting(矛盾的,冲突的)也非常重要:They received conflicting reports about the accident.(他们收到了关于事故的矛盾报告。) 名词形式conflict可以加上-ridden构成形容词,如conflict-ridden(冲突不断的)。
材料中已列出若干高频搭配,我特别强调以下三组,建议您熟记并尝试造句: in conflict with(与……冲突):His schedule is in conflict with the meeting. conflict of interest(利益冲突):She resigned due to a conflict of interest. resolve/settle a conflict(解决冲突):Mediation helped resolve the conflict.